Comprehensive AP reported this month, South Korea and the United States will be 28 to March 10 at the same time, code-named The United States will again send an aircraft carrier to participate in the exercise, the exercise of U.S. troops will be put into more than twenty thousand people.
Korean People's Army representatives at Panmunjom, 27 authorized the Department issued a statement saying the military would take firm measures against the upcoming Korea-US joint military exercises. The Korean Central News Agency said in a statement broadcast the same day, Han Meijun exercise is something In this regard, the DPRK will take steps to deal with: include will be
North Korean military on the same day said that if North Korea warned South Korea to continue despite the anti-DPRK psychological warfare, North Korea starting from the principle of self-defense
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
On Buddhism and qigong (b)
Now I would like to introduce Buddhism focuses on the , the net six Path or amending the law. They were divided into maintenance, permit two stages.
so-called harmonic flavor, not astringent, not slippery, very calm, but the number slowly. from one to ten, or more income, or the number of Offer and should not have their income numbers. heart note in a few, Wu Ling Chi casual. If the number of less than ten, the heart suddenly he thought, that is to be quickly recovered from a re several.
(b) card number: the number of falling interest rates, gradually skillful, from one to ten, the natural chaos, the breath of income, is extremely minor, this time saw no numbers. to the number of repair homes Heart and Breath, rain, thick.
(b) certificate with: heart both tapering, feel the length of interest, you can Bianshen pores out, quiet mood Jakunen condensate. Over time, they feel with the heart rate is still crude, this homes with the repair should be Wang Shi and obliterate natural physical and mental meditation. Discipline Thus, bearing in mind in meditation is good, lightness happy, if from the persistent lack of intellectual contemplation, you can not destroy the micro-worries, in-depth Buddhism. so that only the amendments should be rounded .
(a) meditation: The mind set, triggering real wisdom, their income phase at the fine view, such as air, wind; flesh, bones, etc., such as false banana; moved off their mind every thought of impermanence, no one I phase available. is neither I, centering according to what the?
(b) Contradiction: skilled observation, interest in the body pores and out of sleep, eye open, internal organs and even penetrated the body of various parasites, do not foul cloud net, always variation. which broke all deluded, wisdom Meng Lee. but Xinyuan concept environment, thinking, respectively, read the flow of feeling is difficult to lease reality, and you should view homes repair origin.
(a) Amendment also: awareness view from the heart, if Xinyuan external circumstances, that is not the origin. therefore view the other hand, heart to know this concept while Xinyuan environment, is also a cause, a non- too, neither the concept of the heart, view of environment there anything? throughout Chile died, is also the source of the phase.
(b) permits also: heart Hui development, without skill, but also the source of the natural back every thought. already Card also, surviving a further phase of homes at this time should also repair the the bosom of this clean, it was not a net phase.
(b) permit the net: this repair, the calm and paranoia nothing, really exposed, need to join the Zhufashixiang.
in the Supreme Yoga Tantra also Six wonderful door, and were taught different, called not so scattered. attend skillful, the homes with the number of the repair. repairs with interest, the concept of inspiratory gas from one foot to five feet in the distance before the nose is inhaled through the nose, throat, heart, navel, down to the perineum, over the line of the limbs, body; exhale, visualize the air but also from the nose to nose a foot to five feet away. so over and over, to clear out the distance the length of interest, then the homes only with the revised . repair only, the first view of living in air below the belly button, and gradually all over to live in the body, so heart and air together, lonely Seoul meditation. concept only after further meditation skilled and watch the outside air has to water, fire wind air five, followed by yellow and white colored red, green and blue, from eight inches to a foot away from the nasal inhalation of two-inch or so away, when the gas out of the do not watch their colored mix. concept to understand is to see below, rounded view of repair also. inhale, visualize ten Party Buddha's light, into the merit of my nose, into the white word Om (Tibetan characters, the same below), under the living room at the navel, into the red A word, long and live, breath, turns blue words, from the nose out, put blue into the body of all living beings for their sins by consumer welfare. so back, with the gas industry into the word Om Asan, untie knot body clock, known also. case practice skillful, breathing heart of silence slowly and gradually set up to stop, in the vein was opened up, the industry wisdom of gas into gas, called the net.
from the True wisdom, deep understanding of Mind for the return. The delicate state of profound, how can we hold a candle to the general qigong!
2,
founder of Zen Buddhism founder, the founder of Zen history of Zen from heart dictated. It is not the usual practice of the procedures , focus on clear your heart, advocating enlightenment Buddha is said, belongs to them also do not pass out on the meditation on the world. It is not much with the general relationship between qigong, but because of their status and influence of too much, pretty well reflect Buddhist Gong Venerable Yan leaves broken smile. Then the Buddha declared that: Kasyapa Buddha Mind large commitment to the Western Paradise Indian ancestor. to Hou Zuzu is said to Bodhidharma the twenty-eighth generation of Asia Standard to our ancestors, founded the Zen. The case to be creative when the Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng development, swept the country until today. The reason is to create the Zen Neng particularly suited to the Chinese perception of high, heavy reality, stresses the practical, well short of the root directly, so that the founder of Zen Buddhism in China has not only become the largest denomination, and a thousand years to, all aspects of our society have had a tremendous impact. In addition, it spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, modern Europe is more widely known, the development is in the ascendant. then it is amending the law on what features exactly how we should know it then?
(1) it directly from the Buddha Mind in common with all living beings on the start card to Buddha to enlightenment as the margin of fruit throughout repair meditation, especially for the wise men to attend on the root of interest, there are tons off over the wonderful insight Dayton.
(2) If it is non-compliance due to the sequential Jianxiu, informal on-line, living, sitting, lying or even adjusting interest rate adjustment of various forms of the body, emphasizing not stand writing, away from the delusion, respectively, million in margin requirements put down straight at the moment.
(3) often taken to see the way Buddist repair, such as the argument ;, method, which requires the state of mind to keep knowing about Xing Xing must be such as chicken spawning, such as a cat catching mice, and perseverance. This is actually a view of the heart only. The Master escorts the way scholars, mostly by implication, inducement or a combination of bar drinks to enlighten, inspire and testing.
(4) it is not in the body, the interest rate, environment intentionally, but not from the body, information, environment. repair to a certain extent, Wang Xin stop, soft body poll, the self-consciously heart, to the mountains and rivers of the earth has been integrated outside, which can lead to all kinds of supernatural powers and wisdom. Zen in this area more than a historical record. This may be a qigong master general it was incredible!
founder of Zen, but there are several repair It is worth emphasizing, or should be noted that:
(1) attendance is required to have a good understanding of the mind, free from the heart, the mind as well as Purdue beings developed a strong desire and confidence, according to Mahayana Buddhism, saying that hair bodhicitta, not Wangshi.
(2) shall be the Masters of Enlightenment or confirmed.
(3), although the form of informality in the ring, but the real ring can not be ignored, especially the focus ring.
(4) to follow the Buddhist fundamental doctrine, with Prajna right view, understanding the basic theory of Tathagata Zen. Zen advocates can not stand the text, not the dignitaries left the language, but asked not to be obsessed with language, not .
(5) After enlightenment experience needed to maintain or edge of any transport repair meditation on the environment in order to get rid of all the troubles habits.
(6) the root device if not a large person, at the time of the decay, but also should be minor Pure Land Dharma.
(7) Zen resides in life, but can not be confused with life, should be detached from life, endowed with life, the meaning of Zen, a result of the Zen poetry, calligraphy, Zen, Zen Tea, Zen and other boxing.
(8) As the founder of Zen non-compliance form, do not follow the order, can not stand words or even informal warning regulations, the amendments relatively simple, flexible, if not a large root device, or case of the Masters, or every winning edge, can easily lead to various abuses of the production: I could not get up a thought, worry and let go of the law governing small, easy to flow in each mantra; failing to ring gauge, easy to flow in each of Romantic and Uncontrolled, fall; not learn by teaching, self-important, each easy to dial without cause, tend to be Natural heretics; anyone, meager, causing mad Hui, easy to move each of the various demons, evil pseudo-flow in the absurd; be out of touch with reality, ignorant, lazy under each easily flow in the inferior, the Bank under fire. all evil teacher and heretics good name of the banner of Zen Buddhism eliminate bad law. and so forth, which is perhaps the Ming and Qing depressed since the Zen Buddhist as well as an important reason. I believe that the founder of Buddhism, though good, are more suitable for Han and modern tastes, but is degenerated time, if not a large root robots, or in combination to attend Dharma Tathagata Zen or Pure Land is due.
3, Tantric Buddhism Tantric Buddhism
that the repair of Tantric Buddhism. Tantra is divided into East Middle (Japan repair of the esoteric, the Tang Dynasty from China passed), West dense (the repair of Tantra in Tibet, also known as Tibetan esoteric Buddhism, introduced from India). It consists of both exoteric and esoteric parts, mainly to Tantra, which was supplemented by education, is a huge system of theory and practice methods. We will be one regardless of Qigong practice and meditation, or call the relevant part of the tantric Buddhism.
Tibetan Buddhism since the Tang Dynasty was founded in the Han area soon lost. After the Song, Yuan, Although there have been generations of Qing Dynasty and the Western Regions of India and the Tibetan translation division to spread the lamas of Mongolia region esoteric, but the letter from those few.'d up slightly more modern researchers. But in people, ordinary people are still kept at a distance of. objectively said Tantric Zen Buddhism The main features of views on this matter.
(1) Rise of Esoteric Buddhism around the sixth century AD, it rub it a lot of traditional Indian religious content, such as yoga, worship rituals, all sorts of Mi Zhou and so on. spread to Tibet After they rub it into the traditional beliefs of many local content Bon mm, and achieved great development. So it is very numerous and esoteric, mysterious and difficult to understand. Chinese cultures developed, Confucianism has long dominated, heavy social practical and ethical, light and empowerment of people to go through before school official for further studies in secret;
(b) amending the law of the altar shall be appropriate for amending the law to establish a religious environment, and to follow some special esoteric rites;
(c) Shen Kouyi three secrets to be revised, that Jiafu sit, hand knot close to the body density and India; recited Mi Zhou is densely populated; intended for contemplation for the Italian secret secret law. shall be confidential so that the three corresponding, until the note (that is, achievement );
(d) to establish a more stringent procedures for further studies, such as the five previously mentioned yoga. This is the secret of Tantric Buddhism is called the reason.
(3) Generally speaking, Tantric emphasis Bodhicitta oriented, all week, chanting, and other add-line support, maintenance of various Yoga with the body of the law (Qimai, Ming points and so on, and the Taoist successfully so, to complete the . this concept and idea is reasonable, tight. Bono of people a long time in sound, light and Chen Jing in the busy and used to perform ; promising ), inducing people by amending the . This is the esoteric has always been more important reason for the dispute, but also enjoy the various heretics evil teachers under the banner of a trickster esoteric name an important reason, reality should lead to the Buddhist community and the general attention of Qigong enthusiasts!
4, chanting Zen
chanting meditation, chanting into numbers, holding spell, chanting Buddhist scriptures, etc., for the three common language of Buddhist self-cultivation. Although it is not necessarily to the purpose of meditation, but meditation on the objective function of a Environmental Code of Practice only. May the power of faith and the Buddha, the power of law enforcement's blessing, sincere chanting, we can effectively subdue delusion, to clean one mind, and can often lead to some incredible sense. because it is simple, the three general is lower, For a long time as powerful as ever. particularly strong proponent of Pure Land Buddhism in China who were chanting, Buddhist chanting from theory to the concept of the line has improved steadily and greatly promoted the development of Buddhist chanting. In modern times, people's work, accelerating the pace of life , and recite Buddhist practitioners for taking the time and stability has a very important role in physical and mental.
5, the Buddhist practicing Buddhist Cloud monk, to fruit monk, Master Tai Xu and so introduce its own realm of enlightenment and experience of meditation, such as Weiqiao lay some large, are also introduced their own experience of meditation. Recently I reread the question of contemporary Buddhist scholar Jia Ming Tao lay Comment Chronicle of the end of the Readme in the master monk Hanshan learning set by the relevant paragraphs of the text, that is quite wonderful. In order to facilitate readers to understand the Buddhist , and combine Tayuan Temple. generous host, the goal for the Buju Northern Taiwan, the most secluded Jun Department also. to March 3 in the snow in the allocation of the number of rafters ranks of the old house. To practice setting, especially north to the Wutai Mountain in Shanxi. This is the account of his home to study at the Mount set the selected location. generous, Department of Tayuan temple abbot.
Saran, such as into the blissful state. dispassion anxious, on the precepts, the three schools have a certain wisdom of accomplishment, not simply the outcome of subsequent revisions in the past from the set.
this.
single mention of an idea, people without a word, the eye only. a long time, depending on who Rongji, until the land of illiterate. Hanshan are good friends. Xiangxie them from east to Mount Wutai. do not fall into lethargy. A similar situation before and after the link up, appears as if the same people who have the same appearance in the action. If your mind and stop activities before and after connection, you will only see the people and not reflected in its dynamic phase. This principle is the best to the movie projector next to the see the movie was originally composed of many similar rapid continuous phase, hidden from human eyes and the persona of the activities. At this point, can be said to have had wind made the hundred orifices howling, deglaciation jian shui, impulse Pentium thunder. Wensheng quiescence, where millions of soldiers and troops of the state, and even that Xuanrao. As the heart fails to stop the climb out, the natural sound of water will inevitably feel the wind of Xuanrao. by nine-phase sequence for the living heart, yet As for the day sitting on it.
beginning the sound of water hearted, long time, dynamic concept that is heard, do not move that does not smell. day sitting on the bridge, suddenly forget the body, the voice silenced. Since all the sound are lonely, no longer carry on for the disturbance. Activity idea that does not smell, the phase sequence at the heart nine lives, has been into the ? and is not intended dictates so suddenly; if not inside the body from the physiological mechanism of a change, it is inexplicable. according to the interpretation of Qigong and Chinese medicine at home is the yang a raise, focus on the brain caused by the government. can not match. not without regret that live in the heart by nine-phase sequence, from the living spaces, the main trouble is caused by the scattered tame action, not mentioned in the Chronicle. But one of the masterpieces found to Hanshan to work habits seed was desperate today are visible. Here the most important thing remains to be seen, first recognize the break must not be overshadowed by it, must not fiddle with it, must not be used as practical. but only bracing, rose bravery, instituted The reference thread of her conversation, in this and other ideas from the Department, has been forced to endure, and I no matter where dollars, asked him where to come, after all, what is? decide to see a fall. This force Greeting to go, only taught ghost are weeping, off track Qianzong, Be ruthless, leaving inch wire. such efforts have brought the matter to the message nature. If one thought was broken Greeting, then the temporary removal of all delusion Xie, such as empty shadows of flowers fall, Yang Yan Bo Cheng, over the some will have light security immeasurable, immeasurable ease. The question is sit or stand on does not rigidly adhere to a certain form. shows tight focus at all about ideas, the other is secondary.
sent the first three measures of rice, there are more than half contained. should be more to enhance the appetite. On the contrary, even reducing the half-load of food intake to such a point cut at that time to bear the inhibition strengthened, more storage, but tend to light diet. qigong consider the Fresh thinking sense, then openly, seek physical and mental self, the not available. the Offering Way said: l Pieran heart break a crazy idea, both inside and outside the Gen Chen Dong Che, stood empty too touch broken, Vientiane flowers will destroy from within. r Since then, both inside and outside Zhan, no polyphony sensual phase barriers. past will undoubtedly, present Dunxiao. and, as the reactor, has borne dust and carry on. I do not know the independence of a free companion for a long time near the ear. but has not forgotten the heart. At this point, after a meal Xianbu, a Dayton-off read, and forget the heart, or a sudden loss can be read. read not without loss of consciousness, but can not afford to, respectively, and sometimes the opposition to cancel the subjective and objective, self and the environment mix. so Some people think that this may contravene the license and eighth consciousness. Hanshan himself ; and feel, the Long ran I can not have real enforcement. Jiyu tongue, body and mind, outside the Liu Chen: color, sound, smell, taste, touch, treat each other, the non-self, there is all there, if any, are lacking; pointed out that the void is treated, not isolated entities; All phenomena without me that only a momentary thing, in fact, replaced by mental and physical coordinates, so the time has disappeared. set in the realm of this paragraph, the key is to not forget the whole body, and forget the heart. forget the heart is not without a heart, the so-called ; sudden loss of reading. As mentioned earlier, that because the state of things I seamless. the least bit of a thousand miles identified, all is whether the refer the case eight months, the whole purport of clear understanding by no doubt. not wrong. Hanshan India because no one can, because to read the View from the refuge. After eight months, gains a doubt, but also equal to the concept of an increase by will be with a few words about. the Supreme old friends, will be extended meditation bed, on the talk yet, but also may wish to book. on the threshold, not scattered. day as usual, a little movement of the phase without single cent. writing by the same, regardless of the size of stipple, each drop a, chanting loudly; and visiting people one by one deal, yet response; and written texts, scattered on the survey had not missed. The reason is only view of double movement, the dynamic that is static, with no movement of the different; heart like a mirror, Ji Zhao same time, it is not alone in the air as easily accessible on the hard level. Another example:
hh business world runner into possession of ninety days and nights, hh the beginning of open land and water Buddhist Mubujiaojie seven days and nights, seven days, the grains do not mix, but drinking water only, then should be no shortage of things. After rounds of strict construction of reservoirs, is no small project, of course, some operating costs. Mubujiaojie this escape from ninety days and nights; between land and water held in temples, but also a drink for seven days but did not use rice. difficult in and Pepsi does not care where not to retreat repose, but the full work without rest. If not for anyone, to mobilize the body qigong mm high potential to play a role, it will be impossible to explain.
is a Buddhist as Hanshan insights and learning to be five, and his fixed income environment, and he has insights are inseparable, so make sure he's set in the environment is what the order of Sichan quite difficult, but the inference is more than the first jhāna should not have any problem.
Hanshan in the history of Buddhism Buddhist figure known as ZTE, one of his high moral character and accomplishment. We believe the record in his Chronicle of the readme is more informative. reference to and the door of his disciples on the Chronicle's dredging permit, can be used as examples of the miraculous can still more. the original book with in, you can see.
three Buddhist builds character and even physical disease, sickness is old, is a variety with the most basic function of qigong, qigong practitioners of modern common goal. Buddhists although we think that water and fire from the ground and the four winds of the body composition of impermanence, suffering, empty, without a net, but also want to have a healthy body in order to promote Buddhism through false and comprehension. Thus physical illnesses, sickness is old, is also a Buddhist Many are referred to by the health care of the problem, and even health professionals about by the monograph. such as Fang Ming; and the importance of health care.
Buddhist medical thinking is very rich, the most notable of which is meditation therapy. meditation minimum effect or by-products, that is, health treatment, sickness is old, has such a variety of Zen function. senior monks thousands of years of research discussed in this lot, which most discussion of the Sui Dynasty Wise Master system, brilliant. his those who use the heart, the four hundred and forty patients worse than natural. Umbilical out, but also into to the umbilical. and when people asked fetus with the umbilical system is the root of the stomach.
2, such as pneumothorax over the two hypochondriac pain, acute back arm, shoulder pain, well, heart heat regret pain, trouble can not eat, below the belly button cold, the heat under the cold, yin and yang, and the gas is not, and cough, etc., can only method of treatment of heart pubic region. because pubic region somewhat of a poignant, heart acupoint can be moved. If can not stop, you can move the heart of the stripes both feet on the thumbnail to the more for the degree.
3, Xinyuan between the legs, can cure a headache , red eyes, pain, hot lip, herpes, sudden abdominal pain, two deafness, neck, and other seven diseases.
4, often only the heart in the foot, can cure all diseases. Because when we use the brain more than usual no special barriers to, and within three days, can be recovered.
6, not to the patients as intended, but Jakunen stop, mind, and Wyatt, but also medical treatment.
7, partial use of breath, swelling can be cured Results heavy, the body dry and barren, phlegm, fullness, eating Needless, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other diseases. partial use of income, can cure Zenghan strong heat, support sections are pain, body dangling, acute lung inflation closed, vomit against diseases such as shortness of breath .
8, blow, exhale, giggle, oh, hush, Xi six kinds of information (or for gas) governing the five internal organs of various diseases, there are two different ways. way of saying Lung Chi San is well known that heat to boo the word to the liver, but it made laugh at the triple burner obstruct. on the air with O; phlegm with Hush; Laojuan with Chi. details of a say on the liver of white matter, the eye pain, red veins spread into the white shade, or eye broken, or up and down sore, or touch the cold air flow tears, or itching or tingling, or eye concave, irritability, impaired the liver in the lung disease like, uh income available treatment; disheartened hot, hand, foot against the cold, stuffy little heart power, dry mouth and cracked lips, below the umbilicus knot disease, no less than hot food, cold against the heart, dizzy Oh hi, sleep, dizziness Port Lane, back shoulder blade acute, limb pain, trouble, mind body steam heat seemed to be malaria workers, or as crux of the problem, or for water addiction, seeing nearly gone far, is the occurrence of kidney disease obstruction of the heart like, you can use wind or breath of governance interest; lung chest expansion plug, the two Xiexia pain, pain in both shoulders, like weight-bearing, the first term acute breathing thick CD out of Nothing, over the body sores, throat itch like insect spit not swallow, or sore throat, strong teeth, or hair style nose out pus and blood, eye pain stems dark nose, nasal raw gas barrier do not grow on trees, is the heart of undermining such as lung disease occurred, treatment can boo rate; Lotus does not flow, steadily pain, body swelling deafness, stuffy nose lower back pain back strong, confidant of fullness, the air plug on the chest, heavy limbs, face Heishou, cell acute pain, nausea, or leaching, or urinary tract adverse, feet knees against the cold, is the spleen and prejudice as renal disease occurred, treatment can be used interest-hee; body itch above the wind, or Tongshen itching, nausea, obstruction of the spleen and the liver disease occurred like, you can use interest-Chi treatment.
9, with heavy interest rate rule, the next interest rate rule dangling, full of information governance dry barren, full of coke rate governance swelling, loss of lean growth rate rule, scattered all negative interest rate cut bad film, warm information governance cold, cold hot interest rule, red unreasonable congestion information governance, the crux of swollen poison, holding fixed interest government war anxiety, and interest and does not pass the four governance, lack of fill rate tonic. use this second rate, you can times governing the public suffering.
As a result of troubles karma, as a result of practicing psychological reasons, Buddhist Chi demand. sighed so Wise Master said: worry, wanton drinking Pi, but everyone refused to line it, do not commonplace goods, rhyme high and few, I even hurt it. a few, can make good use of their own treasures of Buddhist practitioners themselves, the industry created by mind, may be intimate for the disease this. treatment when the root of the problem, if self-purification of its heart, clear your heart, you not only root cause of the never-off, and wisdom are open, life and death are from. Ruoweijinjin in governance disease, persistent drop in the gain of the body see, meditation obstacles, effects were poor. Secondly, the Buddhist ; Qigong function is the goal of Qigong deeper level. The so-called specific function, is generally not available, use of scientific knowledge is still not satisfactorily ...
so-called harmonic flavor, not astringent, not slippery, very calm, but the number slowly. from one to ten, or more income, or the number of Offer and should not have their income numbers. heart note in a few, Wu Ling Chi casual. If the number of less than ten, the heart suddenly he thought, that is to be quickly recovered from a re several.
(b) card number: the number of falling interest rates, gradually skillful, from one to ten, the natural chaos, the breath of income, is extremely minor, this time saw no numbers. to the number of repair homes Heart and Breath, rain, thick.
(b) certificate with: heart both tapering, feel the length of interest, you can Bianshen pores out, quiet mood Jakunen condensate. Over time, they feel with the heart rate is still crude, this homes with the repair should be Wang Shi and obliterate natural physical and mental meditation. Discipline Thus, bearing in mind in meditation is good, lightness happy, if from the persistent lack of intellectual contemplation, you can not destroy the micro-worries, in-depth Buddhism. so that only the amendments should be rounded .
(a) meditation: The mind set, triggering real wisdom, their income phase at the fine view, such as air, wind; flesh, bones, etc., such as false banana; moved off their mind every thought of impermanence, no one I phase available. is neither I, centering according to what the?
(b) Contradiction: skilled observation, interest in the body pores and out of sleep, eye open, internal organs and even penetrated the body of various parasites, do not foul cloud net, always variation. which broke all deluded, wisdom Meng Lee. but Xinyuan concept environment, thinking, respectively, read the flow of feeling is difficult to lease reality, and you should view homes repair origin.
(a) Amendment also: awareness view from the heart, if Xinyuan external circumstances, that is not the origin. therefore view the other hand, heart to know this concept while Xinyuan environment, is also a cause, a non- too, neither the concept of the heart, view of environment there anything? throughout Chile died, is also the source of the phase.
(b) permits also: heart Hui development, without skill, but also the source of the natural back every thought. already Card also, surviving a further phase of homes at this time should also repair the the bosom of this clean, it was not a net phase.
(b) permit the net: this repair, the calm and paranoia nothing, really exposed, need to join the Zhufashixiang.
in the Supreme Yoga Tantra also Six wonderful door, and were taught different, called not so scattered. attend skillful, the homes with the number of the repair. repairs with interest, the concept of inspiratory gas from one foot to five feet in the distance before the nose is inhaled through the nose, throat, heart, navel, down to the perineum, over the line of the limbs, body; exhale, visualize the air but also from the nose to nose a foot to five feet away. so over and over, to clear out the distance the length of interest, then the homes only with the revised . repair only, the first view of living in air below the belly button, and gradually all over to live in the body, so heart and air together, lonely Seoul meditation. concept only after further meditation skilled and watch the outside air has to water, fire wind air five, followed by yellow and white colored red, green and blue, from eight inches to a foot away from the nasal inhalation of two-inch or so away, when the gas out of the do not watch their colored mix. concept to understand is to see below, rounded view of repair also. inhale, visualize ten Party Buddha's light, into the merit of my nose, into the white word Om (Tibetan characters, the same below), under the living room at the navel, into the red A word, long and live, breath, turns blue words, from the nose out, put blue into the body of all living beings for their sins by consumer welfare. so back, with the gas industry into the word Om Asan, untie knot body clock, known also. case practice skillful, breathing heart of silence slowly and gradually set up to stop, in the vein was opened up, the industry wisdom of gas into gas, called the net.
from the True wisdom, deep understanding of Mind for the return. The delicate state of profound, how can we hold a candle to the general qigong!
2,
founder of Zen Buddhism founder, the founder of Zen history of Zen from heart dictated. It is not the usual practice of the procedures , focus on clear your heart, advocating enlightenment Buddha is said, belongs to them also do not pass out on the meditation on the world. It is not much with the general relationship between qigong, but because of their status and influence of too much, pretty well reflect Buddhist Gong Venerable Yan leaves broken smile. Then the Buddha declared that: Kasyapa Buddha Mind large commitment to the Western Paradise Indian ancestor. to Hou Zuzu is said to Bodhidharma the twenty-eighth generation of Asia Standard to our ancestors, founded the Zen. The case to be creative when the Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng development, swept the country until today. The reason is to create the Zen Neng particularly suited to the Chinese perception of high, heavy reality, stresses the practical, well short of the root directly, so that the founder of Zen Buddhism in China has not only become the largest denomination, and a thousand years to, all aspects of our society have had a tremendous impact. In addition, it spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, modern Europe is more widely known, the development is in the ascendant. then it is amending the law on what features exactly how we should know it then?
(1) it directly from the Buddha Mind in common with all living beings on the start card to Buddha to enlightenment as the margin of fruit throughout repair meditation, especially for the wise men to attend on the root of interest, there are tons off over the wonderful insight Dayton.
(2) If it is non-compliance due to the sequential Jianxiu, informal on-line, living, sitting, lying or even adjusting interest rate adjustment of various forms of the body, emphasizing not stand writing, away from the delusion, respectively, million in margin requirements put down straight at the moment.
(3) often taken to see the way Buddist repair, such as the argument ;, method, which requires the state of mind to keep knowing about Xing Xing must be such as chicken spawning, such as a cat catching mice, and perseverance. This is actually a view of the heart only. The Master escorts the way scholars, mostly by implication, inducement or a combination of bar drinks to enlighten, inspire and testing.
(4) it is not in the body, the interest rate, environment intentionally, but not from the body, information, environment. repair to a certain extent, Wang Xin stop, soft body poll, the self-consciously heart, to the mountains and rivers of the earth has been integrated outside, which can lead to all kinds of supernatural powers and wisdom. Zen in this area more than a historical record. This may be a qigong master general it was incredible!
founder of Zen, but there are several repair It is worth emphasizing, or should be noted that:
(1) attendance is required to have a good understanding of the mind, free from the heart, the mind as well as Purdue beings developed a strong desire and confidence, according to Mahayana Buddhism, saying that hair bodhicitta, not Wangshi.
(2) shall be the Masters of Enlightenment or confirmed.
(3), although the form of informality in the ring, but the real ring can not be ignored, especially the focus ring.
(4) to follow the Buddhist fundamental doctrine, with Prajna right view, understanding the basic theory of Tathagata Zen. Zen advocates can not stand the text, not the dignitaries left the language, but asked not to be obsessed with language, not .
(5) After enlightenment experience needed to maintain or edge of any transport repair meditation on the environment in order to get rid of all the troubles habits.
(6) the root device if not a large person, at the time of the decay, but also should be minor Pure Land Dharma.
(7) Zen resides in life, but can not be confused with life, should be detached from life, endowed with life, the meaning of Zen, a result of the Zen poetry, calligraphy, Zen, Zen Tea, Zen and other boxing.
(8) As the founder of Zen non-compliance form, do not follow the order, can not stand words or even informal warning regulations, the amendments relatively simple, flexible, if not a large root device, or case of the Masters, or every winning edge, can easily lead to various abuses of the production: I could not get up a thought, worry and let go of the law governing small, easy to flow in each mantra; failing to ring gauge, easy to flow in each of Romantic and Uncontrolled, fall; not learn by teaching, self-important, each easy to dial without cause, tend to be Natural heretics; anyone, meager, causing mad Hui, easy to move each of the various demons, evil pseudo-flow in the absurd; be out of touch with reality, ignorant, lazy under each easily flow in the inferior, the Bank under fire. all evil teacher and heretics good name of the banner of Zen Buddhism eliminate bad law. and so forth, which is perhaps the Ming and Qing depressed since the Zen Buddhist as well as an important reason. I believe that the founder of Buddhism, though good, are more suitable for Han and modern tastes, but is degenerated time, if not a large root robots, or in combination to attend Dharma Tathagata Zen or Pure Land is due.
3, Tantric Buddhism Tantric Buddhism
that the repair of Tantric Buddhism. Tantra is divided into East Middle (Japan repair of the esoteric, the Tang Dynasty from China passed), West dense (the repair of Tantra in Tibet, also known as Tibetan esoteric Buddhism, introduced from India). It consists of both exoteric and esoteric parts, mainly to Tantra, which was supplemented by education, is a huge system of theory and practice methods. We will be one regardless of Qigong practice and meditation, or call the relevant part of the tantric Buddhism.
Tibetan Buddhism since the Tang Dynasty was founded in the Han area soon lost. After the Song, Yuan, Although there have been generations of Qing Dynasty and the Western Regions of India and the Tibetan translation division to spread the lamas of Mongolia region esoteric, but the letter from those few.'d up slightly more modern researchers. But in people, ordinary people are still kept at a distance of. objectively said Tantric Zen Buddhism The main features of views on this matter.
(1) Rise of Esoteric Buddhism around the sixth century AD, it rub it a lot of traditional Indian religious content, such as yoga, worship rituals, all sorts of Mi Zhou and so on. spread to Tibet After they rub it into the traditional beliefs of many local content Bon mm, and achieved great development. So it is very numerous and esoteric, mysterious and difficult to understand. Chinese cultures developed, Confucianism has long dominated, heavy social practical and ethical, light and empowerment of people to go through before school official for further studies in secret;
(b) amending the law of the altar shall be appropriate for amending the law to establish a religious environment, and to follow some special esoteric rites;
(c) Shen Kouyi three secrets to be revised, that Jiafu sit, hand knot close to the body density and India; recited Mi Zhou is densely populated; intended for contemplation for the Italian secret secret law. shall be confidential so that the three corresponding, until the note (that is, achievement );
(d) to establish a more stringent procedures for further studies, such as the five previously mentioned yoga. This is the secret of Tantric Buddhism is called the reason.
(3) Generally speaking, Tantric emphasis Bodhicitta oriented, all week, chanting, and other add-line support, maintenance of various Yoga with the body of the law (Qimai, Ming points and so on, and the Taoist successfully so, to complete the . this concept and idea is reasonable, tight. Bono of people a long time in sound, light and Chen Jing in the busy and used to perform ; promising ), inducing people by amending the . This is the esoteric has always been more important reason for the dispute, but also enjoy the various heretics evil teachers under the banner of a trickster esoteric name an important reason, reality should lead to the Buddhist community and the general attention of Qigong enthusiasts!
4, chanting Zen
chanting meditation, chanting into numbers, holding spell, chanting Buddhist scriptures, etc., for the three common language of Buddhist self-cultivation. Although it is not necessarily to the purpose of meditation, but meditation on the objective function of a Environmental Code of Practice only. May the power of faith and the Buddha, the power of law enforcement's blessing, sincere chanting, we can effectively subdue delusion, to clean one mind, and can often lead to some incredible sense. because it is simple, the three general is lower, For a long time as powerful as ever. particularly strong proponent of Pure Land Buddhism in China who were chanting, Buddhist chanting from theory to the concept of the line has improved steadily and greatly promoted the development of Buddhist chanting. In modern times, people's work, accelerating the pace of life , and recite Buddhist practitioners for taking the time and stability has a very important role in physical and mental.
5, the Buddhist practicing Buddhist Cloud monk, to fruit monk, Master Tai Xu and so introduce its own realm of enlightenment and experience of meditation, such as Weiqiao lay some large, are also introduced their own experience of meditation. Recently I reread the question of contemporary Buddhist scholar Jia Ming Tao lay Comment Chronicle of the end of the Readme in the master monk Hanshan learning set by the relevant paragraphs of the text, that is quite wonderful. In order to facilitate readers to understand the Buddhist , and combine Tayuan Temple. generous host, the goal for the Buju Northern Taiwan, the most secluded Jun Department also. to March 3 in the snow in the allocation of the number of rafters ranks of the old house. To practice setting, especially north to the Wutai Mountain in Shanxi. This is the account of his home to study at the Mount set the selected location. generous, Department of Tayuan temple abbot.
Saran, such as into the blissful state. dispassion anxious, on the precepts, the three schools have a certain wisdom of accomplishment, not simply the outcome of subsequent revisions in the past from the set.
this.
single mention of an idea, people without a word, the eye only. a long time, depending on who Rongji, until the land of illiterate. Hanshan are good friends. Xiangxie them from east to Mount Wutai. do not fall into lethargy. A similar situation before and after the link up, appears as if the same people who have the same appearance in the action. If your mind and stop activities before and after connection, you will only see the people and not reflected in its dynamic phase. This principle is the best to the movie projector next to the see the movie was originally composed of many similar rapid continuous phase, hidden from human eyes and the persona of the activities. At this point, can be said to have had wind made the hundred orifices howling, deglaciation jian shui, impulse Pentium thunder. Wensheng quiescence, where millions of soldiers and troops of the state, and even that Xuanrao. As the heart fails to stop the climb out, the natural sound of water will inevitably feel the wind of Xuanrao. by nine-phase sequence for the living heart, yet As for the day sitting on it.
beginning the sound of water hearted, long time, dynamic concept that is heard, do not move that does not smell. day sitting on the bridge, suddenly forget the body, the voice silenced. Since all the sound are lonely, no longer carry on for the disturbance. Activity idea that does not smell, the phase sequence at the heart nine lives, has been into the ? and is not intended dictates so suddenly; if not inside the body from the physiological mechanism of a change, it is inexplicable. according to the interpretation of Qigong and Chinese medicine at home is the yang a raise, focus on the brain caused by the government. can not match. not without regret that live in the heart by nine-phase sequence, from the living spaces, the main trouble is caused by the scattered tame action, not mentioned in the Chronicle. But one of the masterpieces found to Hanshan to work habits seed was desperate today are visible. Here the most important thing remains to be seen, first recognize the break must not be overshadowed by it, must not fiddle with it, must not be used as practical. but only bracing, rose bravery, instituted The reference thread of her conversation, in this and other ideas from the Department, has been forced to endure, and I no matter where dollars, asked him where to come, after all, what is? decide to see a fall. This force Greeting to go, only taught ghost are weeping, off track Qianzong, Be ruthless, leaving inch wire. such efforts have brought the matter to the message nature. If one thought was broken Greeting, then the temporary removal of all delusion Xie, such as empty shadows of flowers fall, Yang Yan Bo Cheng, over the some will have light security immeasurable, immeasurable ease. The question is sit or stand on does not rigidly adhere to a certain form. shows tight focus at all about ideas, the other is secondary.
sent the first three measures of rice, there are more than half contained. should be more to enhance the appetite. On the contrary, even reducing the half-load of food intake to such a point cut at that time to bear the inhibition strengthened, more storage, but tend to light diet. qigong consider the Fresh thinking sense, then openly, seek physical and mental self, the not available. the Offering Way said: l Pieran heart break a crazy idea, both inside and outside the Gen Chen Dong Che, stood empty too touch broken, Vientiane flowers will destroy from within. r Since then, both inside and outside Zhan, no polyphony sensual phase barriers. past will undoubtedly, present Dunxiao. and, as the reactor, has borne dust and carry on. I do not know the independence of a free companion for a long time near the ear. but has not forgotten the heart. At this point, after a meal Xianbu, a Dayton-off read, and forget the heart, or a sudden loss can be read. read not without loss of consciousness, but can not afford to, respectively, and sometimes the opposition to cancel the subjective and objective, self and the environment mix. so Some people think that this may contravene the license and eighth consciousness. Hanshan himself ; and feel, the Long ran I can not have real enforcement. Jiyu tongue, body and mind, outside the Liu Chen: color, sound, smell, taste, touch, treat each other, the non-self, there is all there, if any, are lacking; pointed out that the void is treated, not isolated entities; All phenomena without me that only a momentary thing, in fact, replaced by mental and physical coordinates, so the time has disappeared. set in the realm of this paragraph, the key is to not forget the whole body, and forget the heart. forget the heart is not without a heart, the so-called ; sudden loss of reading. As mentioned earlier, that because the state of things I seamless. the least bit of a thousand miles identified, all is whether the refer the case eight months, the whole purport of clear understanding by no doubt. not wrong. Hanshan India because no one can, because to read the View from the refuge. After eight months, gains a doubt, but also equal to the concept of an increase by will be with a few words about. the Supreme old friends, will be extended meditation bed, on the talk yet, but also may wish to book. on the threshold, not scattered. day as usual, a little movement of the phase without single cent. writing by the same, regardless of the size of stipple, each drop a, chanting loudly; and visiting people one by one deal, yet response; and written texts, scattered on the survey had not missed. The reason is only view of double movement, the dynamic that is static, with no movement of the different; heart like a mirror, Ji Zhao same time, it is not alone in the air as easily accessible on the hard level. Another example:
hh business world runner into possession of ninety days and nights, hh the beginning of open land and water Buddhist Mubujiaojie seven days and nights, seven days, the grains do not mix, but drinking water only, then should be no shortage of things. After rounds of strict construction of reservoirs, is no small project, of course, some operating costs. Mubujiaojie this escape from ninety days and nights; between land and water held in temples, but also a drink for seven days but did not use rice. difficult in and Pepsi does not care where not to retreat repose, but the full work without rest. If not for anyone, to mobilize the body qigong mm high potential to play a role, it will be impossible to explain.
is a Buddhist as Hanshan insights and learning to be five, and his fixed income environment, and he has insights are inseparable, so make sure he's set in the environment is what the order of Sichan quite difficult, but the inference is more than the first jhāna should not have any problem.
Hanshan in the history of Buddhism Buddhist figure known as ZTE, one of his high moral character and accomplishment. We believe the record in his Chronicle of the readme is more informative. reference to and the door of his disciples on the Chronicle's dredging permit, can be used as examples of the miraculous can still more. the original book with in, you can see.
three Buddhist builds character and even physical disease, sickness is old, is a variety with the most basic function of qigong, qigong practitioners of modern common goal. Buddhists although we think that water and fire from the ground and the four winds of the body composition of impermanence, suffering, empty, without a net, but also want to have a healthy body in order to promote Buddhism through false and comprehension. Thus physical illnesses, sickness is old, is also a Buddhist Many are referred to by the health care of the problem, and even health professionals about by the monograph. such as Fang Ming; and the importance of health care.
Buddhist medical thinking is very rich, the most notable of which is meditation therapy. meditation minimum effect or by-products, that is, health treatment, sickness is old, has such a variety of Zen function. senior monks thousands of years of research discussed in this lot, which most discussion of the Sui Dynasty Wise Master system, brilliant. his those who use the heart, the four hundred and forty patients worse than natural. Umbilical out, but also into to the umbilical. and when people asked fetus with the umbilical system is the root of the stomach.
2, such as pneumothorax over the two hypochondriac pain, acute back arm, shoulder pain, well, heart heat regret pain, trouble can not eat, below the belly button cold, the heat under the cold, yin and yang, and the gas is not, and cough, etc., can only method of treatment of heart pubic region. because pubic region somewhat of a poignant, heart acupoint can be moved. If can not stop, you can move the heart of the stripes both feet on the thumbnail to the more for the degree.
3, Xinyuan between the legs, can cure a headache , red eyes, pain, hot lip, herpes, sudden abdominal pain, two deafness, neck, and other seven diseases.
4, often only the heart in the foot, can cure all diseases. Because when we use the brain more than usual no special barriers to, and within three days, can be recovered.
6, not to the patients as intended, but Jakunen stop, mind, and Wyatt, but also medical treatment.
7, partial use of breath, swelling can be cured Results heavy, the body dry and barren, phlegm, fullness, eating Needless, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other diseases. partial use of income, can cure Zenghan strong heat, support sections are pain, body dangling, acute lung inflation closed, vomit against diseases such as shortness of breath .
8, blow, exhale, giggle, oh, hush, Xi six kinds of information (or for gas) governing the five internal organs of various diseases, there are two different ways. way of saying Lung Chi San is well known that heat to boo the word to the liver, but it made laugh at the triple burner obstruct. on the air with O; phlegm with Hush; Laojuan with Chi. details of a say on the liver of white matter, the eye pain, red veins spread into the white shade, or eye broken, or up and down sore, or touch the cold air flow tears, or itching or tingling, or eye concave, irritability, impaired the liver in the lung disease like, uh income available treatment; disheartened hot, hand, foot against the cold, stuffy little heart power, dry mouth and cracked lips, below the umbilicus knot disease, no less than hot food, cold against the heart, dizzy Oh hi, sleep, dizziness Port Lane, back shoulder blade acute, limb pain, trouble, mind body steam heat seemed to be malaria workers, or as crux of the problem, or for water addiction, seeing nearly gone far, is the occurrence of kidney disease obstruction of the heart like, you can use wind or breath of governance interest; lung chest expansion plug, the two Xiexia pain, pain in both shoulders, like weight-bearing, the first term acute breathing thick CD out of Nothing, over the body sores, throat itch like insect spit not swallow, or sore throat, strong teeth, or hair style nose out pus and blood, eye pain stems dark nose, nasal raw gas barrier do not grow on trees, is the heart of undermining such as lung disease occurred, treatment can boo rate; Lotus does not flow, steadily pain, body swelling deafness, stuffy nose lower back pain back strong, confidant of fullness, the air plug on the chest, heavy limbs, face Heishou, cell acute pain, nausea, or leaching, or urinary tract adverse, feet knees against the cold, is the spleen and prejudice as renal disease occurred, treatment can be used interest-hee; body itch above the wind, or Tongshen itching, nausea, obstruction of the spleen and the liver disease occurred like, you can use interest-Chi treatment.
9, with heavy interest rate rule, the next interest rate rule dangling, full of information governance dry barren, full of coke rate governance swelling, loss of lean growth rate rule, scattered all negative interest rate cut bad film, warm information governance cold, cold hot interest rule, red unreasonable congestion information governance, the crux of swollen poison, holding fixed interest government war anxiety, and interest and does not pass the four governance, lack of fill rate tonic. use this second rate, you can times governing the public suffering.
As a result of troubles karma, as a result of practicing psychological reasons, Buddhist Chi demand. sighed so Wise Master said: worry, wanton drinking Pi, but everyone refused to line it, do not commonplace goods, rhyme high and few, I even hurt it. a few, can make good use of their own treasures of Buddhist practitioners themselves, the industry created by mind, may be intimate for the disease this. treatment when the root of the problem, if self-purification of its heart, clear your heart, you not only root cause of the never-off, and wisdom are open, life and death are from. Ruoweijinjin in governance disease, persistent drop in the gain of the body see, meditation obstacles, effects were poor. Secondly, the Buddhist ; Qigong function is the goal of Qigong deeper level. The so-called specific function, is generally not available, use of scientific knowledge is still not satisfactorily ...
Thursday, February 24, 2011
【Understand the source of Teacher's Day, and praise you - my dear teacher!】
Understand the source of Teacher's Day
praise you, dear teacher
mm production: Hong Lin
well-known annual calendar Sept. 10, is China's Teacher's Day, but you know how to come to the teacher's section is it? Teacher's Day, is the only country including Nurses Day, press section, including the three sectors of the festival. since 1931, China had in different historical periods there were 4 different dates and nature of the Teacher's Day.
our history first appeared in the Teacher's Day was in 1931. At that time, the education sector well-known professors Tai cool autumn and range coverage and to initiate contact in Beijing, Shanghai and educators, prepared every year on June 6 for the Teacher's Day, and issued a , to improve treatment of teachers to ensure teachers, improve teacher training three objectives. Although the birth of the Teacher's Day was the Nationalist government did not acknowledge, but had an impact all over the country. In view of the voluntary organization set up by the teacher, the KMT government did not recognize the 1939 decision to separate the birth of Confucius on August 27 as Teacher's Day, and presented the Ministry of Education and All-People's Republic of mutually agreed, the May 1 International Labor Day and as a teacher. For various reasons, Teacher's Day is actually becoming extinct. to suddenly think the teacher should have its own festival. . Lev, Huang Ji, Qing Zhao Huan joint, formally proposed the establishment of Teacher's Day .1985 on January 21, the sixth to the ninth meeting of the NPC Standing Committee resolution to the 10 September each year as Teacher's Day.
order to promote In the first Teacher's Day, then President Li Xiannian condolence letters sent to congratulate the National Teacher festival celebration meeting held in the capital people, teachers, a total of 20 provinces during the festival in recognition of 11,871 at the provincial level excellent teachers collective and individual.
as early as 1932, the KMT government has set up the June 6 as Teacher's Day, after the liberation was abolished on June 6 of the Teacher's Day in favor of individual activities, not features. Teacher's Day which will be set at September 10 taking into account the country, middle and primary schools the new school year, have new weather. new students at the beginning, began to respect for teachers, can give ; teachers teach and students learn In our country the respect by the whole society. This is because the teachers work to a large extent determine the future of our country. teachers work with every family, every child, youth, youth are closely related. in the development and progress of human society , the teacher plays a huge role. Teachers are engineers of human civilization, casting is a communicator and builder of human civilization. the continuity of development of human civilization depends on generation after generation of teachers work. a society, a country, A nation without teachers hard and effective work, then this society, nation and civilization will suffer losses. Therefore, a history of civilization, leaving the teacher, is unthinkable.
Since then, every year Teacher's Day, teachers across the country to celebrate their festivals in different ways. through the selection and incentives, introduce the experience to help solve the wages, housing, medical care, the practical difficulties and improve the teaching conditions, greatly improving the teachers in the education cause of the enthusiasm.
Tomorrow is Teacher's Day, and in a good school or school students to mind when we express the matter, would like to see the teacher to go and see it, do not keep regrets in life, especially develop your talent, your education, life, and respected, the same as the parents, teachers! a bouquet of flowers can express the worth of our respect and love the teacher! feel harsh education of our teachers have their tender side of love it !
birds sing of spring, the flowers will sing of the sun, and I have to sing this glorious teacher of the people. In my mind, you are the father of the most severe, is the most kind mother; you are a bit unsung heroes, but also a teacher of worship; your voice and smiling face always shine in my eyes; you are the character personality, forever in the depths of my memory. Sabian Who is the land of rain? who brought seedlings hard feed? are you, sir, you are a great gardener! look at the flowers blooming everywhere, which one does not have your hard work, which does not have a shadow of your smile! you speak of course, is so rich more than mining, as if each chapter is a window in front of me, so I saw a gorgeous new world hh ah, with you, the garden was so beautiful, the earth is full of spring! teacher, quickly push open the window See, this beauties of springtime, this garden peaches and plums, all in salute to you! If you are thinking there is no moisture, how could so many wonderful blooming flowers of the soul? ah! teacher! engineers of human souls, who do not You praised! Some people say that the teacher as gardener; It was also said the teacher, like a candle, burning his own light to others; and I think the teacher is more like a piece of chalk, teachers reduced their body, for our knowledge of the long shop Road. The teacher is always hard on the blackboard with silence, as we sow the seeds of knowledge, you are more like the unknown roots, so trees grow, and so the branches are covered with rich fruit, but did does not require any payment. You have given us a life scale, let us every day to measure their own; you have given us exemplary behavior side mirrors, so we have to learn from everywhere. The teacher, who you the hard work of the United States, the United States The Sower. is your sunny with a beautiful, beautiful rain with moisture, and our hearts just green grass and flowers! you for the flowers bloom, fruit maturity busy, silently hanging green leaves Yum! ah, teacher! your spirit, never mind my heart! dear teacher, you are the bridge, the connection is cut off for our mountains, let's go harvest peaks; you are the Ivy League, tough and slender, to guide us pick to the top of the cliff of the fungus and ginseng; you like silkworms, the last one for the students Tujin wire. can I say, the teacher is a fire, seeding will continue to light a prairie fire; teacher a gardener, nurturing ten million seedlings to grow. Liangbinbanbai even if I will still call you soon sincerely teacher! in this sacred and noble words before, I will always be a need for students of the Enlightenment! the sea of life, the teacher, you are the high navigational lights, standing in the vast sea, always guided the progress of our voyage! generously burn themselves, given all the heat, all light, all the energy. teacher, you are the winter in the charcoal It is summer in the shade of a stepping stone throwing turbulence is Wuhai the beacon lights, beloved, admirable! Some say Shien mountain, because the towering mountains, people respect. I also loudly said Shien like the sea, because of the vast sea, incalculable.
teacher ah, your words and deeds, well-educating people, willing to human ladder and memorable. is that you have given me a wealth of knowledge and taught me the truth in life I accept the influence of the Communist Party. ah, the teacher! engineers of human souls, only the name of this brilliant, it has a rich, like the ocean, blue sky Shenzhan meaning! teacher, the name of this dazzling, will be like a brilliant star, always high on our chest. you work in the eras, but the construction of the motherland tomorrow; you are teaching in the classroom, but in the country's achievements in all directions. in the teacher section is approaching, I sincerely say to you: Dear teacher, thank you! teacher is a great career of the human soul at this time coincides with the Teacher's Day we remember with gratitude holding holding passion into song after another close Zhu Fucheng teachers of music, song I wish all the best health and family a happy holiday Happiness is not a mysterious pen and ink, paper and ink with poetry and literature have also worked hard with the Chi Heng Fa Chuen, Hong Tao Li pear garden
between
praise you, dear teacher
mm production: Hong Lin
well-known annual calendar Sept. 10, is China's Teacher's Day, but you know how to come to the teacher's section is it? Teacher's Day, is the only country including Nurses Day, press section, including the three sectors of the festival. since 1931, China had in different historical periods there were 4 different dates and nature of the Teacher's Day.
our history first appeared in the Teacher's Day was in 1931. At that time, the education sector well-known professors Tai cool autumn and range coverage and to initiate contact in Beijing, Shanghai and educators, prepared every year on June 6 for the Teacher's Day, and issued a , to improve treatment of teachers to ensure teachers, improve teacher training three objectives. Although the birth of the Teacher's Day was the Nationalist government did not acknowledge, but had an impact all over the country. In view of the voluntary organization set up by the teacher, the KMT government did not recognize the 1939 decision to separate the birth of Confucius on August 27 as Teacher's Day, and presented the Ministry of Education and All-People's Republic of mutually agreed, the May 1 International Labor Day and as a teacher. For various reasons, Teacher's Day is actually becoming extinct. to suddenly think the teacher should have its own festival. . Lev, Huang Ji, Qing Zhao Huan joint, formally proposed the establishment of Teacher's Day .1985 on January 21, the sixth to the ninth meeting of the NPC Standing Committee resolution to the 10 September each year as Teacher's Day.
order to promote In the first Teacher's Day, then President Li Xiannian condolence letters sent to congratulate the National Teacher festival celebration meeting held in the capital people, teachers, a total of 20 provinces during the festival in recognition of 11,871 at the provincial level excellent teachers collective and individual.
as early as 1932, the KMT government has set up the June 6 as Teacher's Day, after the liberation was abolished on June 6 of the Teacher's Day in favor of individual activities, not features. Teacher's Day which will be set at September 10 taking into account the country, middle and primary schools the new school year, have new weather. new students at the beginning, began to respect for teachers, can give ; teachers teach and students learn In our country the respect by the whole society. This is because the teachers work to a large extent determine the future of our country. teachers work with every family, every child, youth, youth are closely related. in the development and progress of human society , the teacher plays a huge role. Teachers are engineers of human civilization, casting is a communicator and builder of human civilization. the continuity of development of human civilization depends on generation after generation of teachers work. a society, a country, A nation without teachers hard and effective work, then this society, nation and civilization will suffer losses. Therefore, a history of civilization, leaving the teacher, is unthinkable.
Since then, every year Teacher's Day, teachers across the country to celebrate their festivals in different ways. through the selection and incentives, introduce the experience to help solve the wages, housing, medical care, the practical difficulties and improve the teaching conditions, greatly improving the teachers in the education cause of the enthusiasm.
Tomorrow is Teacher's Day, and in a good school or school students to mind when we express the matter, would like to see the teacher to go and see it, do not keep regrets in life, especially develop your talent, your education, life, and respected, the same as the parents, teachers! a bouquet of flowers can express the worth of our respect and love the teacher! feel harsh education of our teachers have their tender side of love it !
birds sing of spring, the flowers will sing of the sun, and I have to sing this glorious teacher of the people. In my mind, you are the father of the most severe, is the most kind mother; you are a bit unsung heroes, but also a teacher of worship; your voice and smiling face always shine in my eyes; you are the character personality, forever in the depths of my memory. Sabian Who is the land of rain? who brought seedlings hard feed? are you, sir, you are a great gardener! look at the flowers blooming everywhere, which one does not have your hard work, which does not have a shadow of your smile! you speak of course, is so rich more than mining, as if each chapter is a window in front of me, so I saw a gorgeous new world hh ah, with you, the garden was so beautiful, the earth is full of spring! teacher, quickly push open the window See, this beauties of springtime, this garden peaches and plums, all in salute to you! If you are thinking there is no moisture, how could so many wonderful blooming flowers of the soul? ah! teacher! engineers of human souls, who do not You praised! Some people say that the teacher as gardener; It was also said the teacher, like a candle, burning his own light to others; and I think the teacher is more like a piece of chalk, teachers reduced their body, for our knowledge of the long shop Road. The teacher is always hard on the blackboard with silence, as we sow the seeds of knowledge, you are more like the unknown roots, so trees grow, and so the branches are covered with rich fruit, but did does not require any payment. You have given us a life scale, let us every day to measure their own; you have given us exemplary behavior side mirrors, so we have to learn from everywhere. The teacher, who you the hard work of the United States, the United States The Sower. is your sunny with a beautiful, beautiful rain with moisture, and our hearts just green grass and flowers! you for the flowers bloom, fruit maturity busy, silently hanging green leaves Yum! ah, teacher! your spirit, never mind my heart! dear teacher, you are the bridge, the connection is cut off for our mountains, let's go harvest peaks; you are the Ivy League, tough and slender, to guide us pick to the top of the cliff of the fungus and ginseng; you like silkworms, the last one for the students Tujin wire. can I say, the teacher is a fire, seeding will continue to light a prairie fire; teacher a gardener, nurturing ten million seedlings to grow. Liangbinbanbai even if I will still call you soon sincerely teacher! in this sacred and noble words before, I will always be a need for students of the Enlightenment! the sea of life, the teacher, you are the high navigational lights, standing in the vast sea, always guided the progress of our voyage! generously burn themselves, given all the heat, all light, all the energy. teacher, you are the winter in the charcoal It is summer in the shade of a stepping stone throwing turbulence is Wuhai the beacon lights, beloved, admirable! Some say Shien mountain, because the towering mountains, people respect. I also loudly said Shien like the sea, because of the vast sea, incalculable.
teacher ah, your words and deeds, well-educating people, willing to human ladder and memorable. is that you have given me a wealth of knowledge and taught me the truth in life I accept the influence of the Communist Party. ah, the teacher! engineers of human souls, only the name of this brilliant, it has a rich, like the ocean, blue sky Shenzhan meaning! teacher, the name of this dazzling, will be like a brilliant star, always high on our chest. you work in the eras, but the construction of the motherland tomorrow; you are teaching in the classroom, but in the country's achievements in all directions. in the teacher section is approaching, I sincerely say to you: Dear teacher, thank you! teacher is a great career of the human soul at this time coincides with the Teacher's Day we remember with gratitude holding holding passion into song after another close Zhu Fucheng teachers of music, song I wish all the best health and family a happy holiday Happiness is not a mysterious pen and ink, paper and ink with poetry and literature have also worked hard with the Chi Heng Fa Chuen, Hong Tao Li pear garden
between
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
The classic 1980s TV series
Inscription】 【Maybe I am really old, he began nostalgia of it, I remember that time reading a lot of TV series, including Hong Kong and Taiwan, and Japan, there are the mainland, most of the no impression. But still remember that time very .
1: case, was able to discharge this great film, had to admire.
remember that the design is much more heavenly beauty ah, those magic, the clouds, and so stunt designed to be very beautiful, I'd still do not quite understand how the shot. more than ten years ago, much better film than it is now several times the film must be strong.
remember many beautiful women there, Miss Gao Wei Huili played, she had acted in Tianzhu rabbit; Zhu Lin, the daughter of the King speech, there are the apricot cents which, Zhizhu Jing you, are beautiful. the songs are all very nice, I remember singing that song apricot cents, and that the first Cang Tian Songhai century Abstract:
Chi Kung is known, the deification of the embodiment of figure Lohan Chi Kung Yang in the world to punish evil and good, saving lives. the people to him as a living Buddha, and those of heartless, evil is evil enough to hate him fear hh
4: Qin Li Shimin had to cross the border posing as newlyweds, in the morning till evening to take an interest in the process but because of their responsibility and identity had give up this feeling, when receiving tonsure trembling voice, Love Motto: I love you best only here, and then continue to have only hurt themselves
5: introduced after the opening of the first TV series, has turned out a record ratings miracle. 6: . Satoh, led Japan to the forces of evil Dongying Wu who attempt to dominate the Chinese martial arts, full of stirring up trouble, Chen Zhen seeing determined to rebuild, back to the world The Xie Yue. Song Dandan because , the old heads there anything that a snitch Xue, each character are very unique. I remember more clearly is not the lute boyfriend Qianqian hold, put him before the money spent is to be back Qianqian , including one day to buy a popsicle at the, at the time this man is really high black heels. then I saw the original, with the original TV series, like the basic, then think it is reasonable, but how valuable it seems Yeah. now where writers to change what you also pipe the original. but unfortunately has been looking for less than the series of discs, very much like a collection of
8: mind that with Natalie's Su Rongrong, that is classic. remember Ng Man Tat is also one of the legends play the Hu Tiehua.
9: feel that When the woman who is also very sad. Later, after another read looked comfortable.
10: Next, there is such a nice sense of humor gods Drama course will cause a sensation. the story is completely no impression, but remember that Pan Zhiwen Lu Tung-pin is played, very handsome.
11:
This version of the Wu has always been my favorite. then that baby is really pretty good Feng, her interpretation of the Empress Wu of the flavor out completely, because the very small and not very familiar with the historical facts, so I find it especially good-looking, has not been re-read, so I do not know what will happen now feel. I remember the guy play like her two, one is played by Stephen Owen Jun Pan Zhiwen, one is the right to play Tsang Wai Ming Chong Yan, two people or a culture are a force a martial arts I can not remember. But I always felt that the costumes are very Junya Pan Zhiwen, absolutely good-looking man.
12: Although time seems to have not used that word. I am now even what kind of actor can not remember
13: crying tears also flow into the river add up to a. I remember the beginning of television a few chicks with a hen that is made with the gurgle ...... remember the names of 5 children: Xiu Xiu. Hasty , curved, Pepe and Bingbing. the original curved, and the fat favorite uncle, the most admired Xiu Xiu, Xiu Xiu would like to have a sister like so to love me. Later, because the audience is also concerned about her five children fate, so he took a later sequel, Fei, Luo Yuelin early or often play such a handsome guy, the first of the , and is probably the preconceptions of it, always felt that the design of the shape of the Hong Kong martial arts films are mostly very good to see. that N years later shot to see mainland China chip yard, Yan Nanfei was ruined by Wu Jing. do not say this, posted lyrics.
15: Autumn's love tragedy shows the rise and fall of a large family. adaptation retains the basic framework of the original, but in some circumstances the relationship between settings and characters do a lot of changes, changed the name of the hero: Kim Jin Kim called the West changed Yanxi , fall into a deserted He Yanqiu. has shown signs of autumn LIZA Yan played, it is scared to Heaven. Even many years later, she played with
Natalie Yan Qiu still play Mulan woman costume dramas of the modern mind example, that I do not know for some time points, smoke, adaptation, Lin is my very favorite writers, the original English version was first, then it was Lin Yutang himself translated into Chinese. with > top grade, artistic conception is quite consistent with the original spirit of the
17: Fairy Zhang Jing's mother; Murong into one nine and Su Ying; Yannan Tian is scheduled to die; and on the invitation of Jiangbie He was surprised to be killed. But the two main actors I do not care about them completely. poisonivy how Tony Leung see all trivial, and nothing more than he saw both God the little fish-shaped; Wu Dai Hua Wuque to see how inclusive is personable, a
attack white, how a handsome Zile.
18: often need a full role: Shen son to active about the plot. is essentially a set of string together a story, each episode is now speech has been forgotten, just remember to watch this drama had left behind Laughter
19: years old, Joyful, home has came down to the age of Viagra, but still no end, anxious mother at the side ah, so rental housing, to the three forest beautiful young woman, Ling and Yao Yiyi in mining. center after Anyway, the fruition of a number of twists and turns of the. similar to home-style Taiwanese Bewitched light comedy. played in the mining Tu Ling ah ~ Nicole is a big beautiful mother made it clear that bovine remember it? askew couplets posted up at home?
So I was wrong. This is an integrated hundreds of thousands of children through the age of sixteen, weaving a song, a poem, a dream. sixteen-year-old songs sounding euphemism, not catchy; sixteen poems warm and imaginative, it may not rhyme; sixteen-year-old dream of pure and true, may not be successful.
strange nostalgia unlimited poet Hsi Mu-jung said: Sixteen-year-old flowers, and only one season. But the friend, as long as you have over sixteen years of age and you have had a hot and sun, blood red, like the youth.
22: , did not think it looks better. Felix Wong's performance style is like Guo Jing, simple and honest and simple and honest, the role quite suitable for him. Wen Zhao Lun, then began his career performing bad, had a newspaper that a certain place for a woman whom he had played a mad Kang . Carina Lau played Nichu Jun made a lot of sympathy, the most unbearable, why Chujun the last to die? Why are there so late in Hong dead?. maggie points in this miserable inside, thinking that love been encountered push the train, confused writer Kathy Chow is also committed suicide. There Lanjie Ying, has shown signs of it that is the beauty of this woman was wrongly imprisoned last hanged.
23: a costume film, the heroine is Maggie Siu, villain is played Dai Rong Wu Hua Wuque. probably about the invention Dugujiujian the uncontested top dog story of a teenager. a child in Lu Xiangting to see, then think maggie so beautiful, but unfortunately and the many roles she played as the final result is not good.
24: . At that time Yeh also some baby fat, his face looked so cute meat toot. This film is the first time I saw Lan Jieying, at first glance to think of this mm pretty good, but unfortunately get good luck, and now she changed like that. This film does not make sense of the style which first emerged Yeh, then look at the time felt quite funny.
25: The series, which I have been a favorite. then that baby is really pretty good Feng, Wu charm her out totally interpretation, and when I entered primary school, because they do not quite understand the historical facts of a very small, so I find it particularly look good, but then has not seen, so I do not know what will happen now feel. I remember the play like the two guy, one play Yuwen Pan Zhiwen Jun, one is the right Zeng Yan Chong Ming played, two people are article, or have a military martial arts I can not remember. But I always felt that the costumes are very Junya Pan Zhiwen, absolutely good-looking man.
26: was of very wide. I do not remember me in the end to see did not look, but I actually somehow remember the three play A Letter of the actor's name, Kobayashi Ayako Nakano Ryoko, and B. Yu believes in the Son, if I remember correctly .
27: , did not know they are very famous in Taiwan, Shen deal a speech as if named Shen Hairong, very touching speech. In particular, the singer of that song remake now, and what is called Beach, Chow Yun-fat and Natalie they were and how many people played a couple, only like major situation as never received
29: Fen Lin Strong and actor Chen Xiaoxu overnight, they shape the role to be recognized as the most realistic version of the audience to imagine. Jia Lin's passionate tenderness and sadness are two thin penetrating interpreted. from the initial Bao Dai ; long-awaited difficult path , south sea, North Iron Mountain, a mountain never Atlas world.
North martial arts expert Jiang Tieshan (Zheng Zhang decorated) good at the Forthright, some good skill. Some people come to jiangjia care dart, something for Iron Mountain, Wen-ying liang and mother seedlings (Guo Jinhua decoration), took care dart, only to be robbed on his way, liang was seriously injured, who were abducted Man Ying go hh
very old Singaporean TV drama left for the and Shen Shaohua in troubled times by the love to hate, then hate the invisible emotional journey to see the movie so that each person shook endless.
love motto: hard to easy to come and go, decades of this world tour ; points easily separated difficult to gather together, love and hate eternal woe. so you do not want to go, to bid farewell, I have not seen so far the world to follow us there is still a hint of a whisper the legend.
32: Xia Lu version of the more successful. At that time Andy has just debut, the handsome and tender form is recognized as the conditions consistent with Jin Yong Yang Guo; and Idy Chan's own personality is Raisin, coupled with its refined form, is simply the real Xiao Long Nu. a long time away from my constant sorrow; want you to forget the melancholy forget care, to free you from loneliness.
33: Hui familiar with the 80s of last century TV audience will remember that the Department of Japanese drama assistant stage. Finally, both with the sea, Sachiko with a happy smile in the arms of a loved one to sleep forever and Shankoubaihui hh Miura friends and co-write the film Sheng Silian
34: 80's TV series Lu Xiao Feng
【Introduction】
Lu Xiaofeng Gu Long novel is a prominent figure in five years, .1981, Gu boom is still spreading, the director Chu Yuan gain another victory, the Lu Xiaofeng the most talked about story of the cut the top of the identify the hero re-hero, never met, but no conflict of interest, when no fight is necessary, guess things are Qiaoxi, and flower filled floor (Sun Jian) and Sikongzhaixing and other friends of no avail, then spend lots of money to buy the message, but know Ximen suddenly postponed the decisive month hh
35: <>
Main Profile:
over the Red Road, together Shuiyun. > Master Ice Princess of Wales House, such as side to be able to give birth to a son before the Princess, in order to maintain their status, frauds turn phoenix, to his daughter away, in order to recognize the future can be, as with the princes of snow to send her Plum hairpin in the girl's right shoulder bears the imprint of a plum. in exchange for the son of Chen Hao Yin Shuang women love musicians, but he is not able to connect into the palace to Yinshuang, because the emperor had given him married Princess Lan wife.
snow knows his son's feelings, adventure and Hong Yee received the Yinshuang made a girl into the palace. Unexpectedly, the Princess been known to Yinshuang discuss the go, day torture, all because of Yinshuang change was pregnant, Yinshuang who got full recognition of the government has done a Plum mark the twenty one year ago lost his daughter back hh
37 Most ecstasy Meihuasannong! a broken human intestinal plum, plum two get tough job faced, Meihuasannong storm, the clouds of the vast depths of the water! Red owned Infatuated, MO laugh too crazy fool! would have no biting, that was fragrant plum!
acting beyond the original cast, singing the theme song from the leaf to plaintive and moving, the music and also in line with the needs of the story. Qiongyao 90 is a superior TV work for.
side of the grass a girl unwilling entangled in the fate of the established, on the green wedding Associated escape. Yangzhou Fujiazhuang went to relatives of the sea grass refuge grandfather, on the road coincidence the same family of runaway youth cynical Ho Shi Wei, a variety of reasons so the trio decide to walk together, the dark green of the Shiwei hygiene conditions to economic construction.
Fujiazhuang after arrival, caused by successive events of the past hh [Full Text]
38: br> A girl named Wanjun
a girl named Wanjun
search
her story a little twist of the bride edge set Sansei
sad
suddenly a dream a girl name through the ages called Wanjun
offer all kinds of bright eyes water Lvbin clouds set in loving life
39: in a domineering. Meng Jiang von baby, Jing Ke is Damian, and forget the role of Michelle. went to Xi'an to shoot with 63 sets the length of the TV series in Hong Kong can be considered huge at the time made. Gallen Lo was singing the theme song hear just fine.
40: 80's TV series song song song put together into a soulful song
a song struck a chord song one song a deep feeling of happiness and joy
ah youth are so many years like a river < br> ah come together to form the river years merged into a song song song come together to form a high-pitched song
song wasted years pursuing a song
hopes and dreams are so many ah days of his youth like a river
years merged into a song come together to form the river ah
song song song come together to form an unforgettable song
song a memorable song
41: Buddha Chen Shiang-
rich kids (Fei Meng) good weapons early age, suffering without teacher guidance, pointing his mother then went to Guangzhou to find their uncle Lee mountains thanks to its as a teacher, Chen Shiang-down in Guangzhou, fell off the horse to save the wealthy daughter of Annie Cheng (Li Meixian), Annie left its deep impression.
Chen Shiang, was born eleven years Jiaqing (1806) Malaysia and Singapore in July, Yamen Town, Xinhui, Guangdong Beijing Umemura people. Chen Shiang-loved martial arts since childhood, 7-year-old with Zushu Yuan-care study studies, 17 years old and thanks to good stick work and the work of the new session Qibao legs were Lee Hill School as a teacher, . Subsequently, Luo Fu Shan monks Caifu subglottic investment study ; Yongsheng Tong Cai Lifo boxing then told to send the birth, and Chen Shiang also revered as the founder of Cai Lifo.
42: The place to go wrong, I do not repent
troubled life itself has been and how much more time
if there is no pain when you were not cherish my foot had a ray of Qingsi
earn thousands of miles Even if this situation does not fire off
minds of children who said
I am not afraid to be lonely journey if you miss my lonely journey
I am not afraid if you miss me as long as you miss me
43: The first test mainland martial arts, action, dubbing it off, your skills are true.
44: 1983 edition of : Taiwan TV drama Shang Ming hhhhhhhh phase
rain
West Long Long Guan Wu
beggar hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Jiang Nan Ming Fu Long Guan Ming
bitter melon hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Su Guoliang
Long Xiaotian Li a
Sima Yun Peng Cheng hhhhhhh Huanglong Stuart White Skull hhhhhhhh Xiushan hhhhhhh Chen Dewei
across the sea no trace hhhhhhh Xie see text
sea dragon hhhhhhh Cai Zhongqiu
small day flying sand hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh PROCEEDINGS gun
still flying half a day
46: 【Hong Kong Jing Dianju Ni apology, which enemies to the couple, and then became a couple. Shumin and Ni Bowen is the screen then play a couple Michelle and Damian, did not expect that, after nearly 20 years, Michelle also look younger even than in the past ~ ~
47: combination of the diamond story, excellent interpretation, the achievements of a legendary island television history. then play the theme song is a street known Lane Press, catchy songs.
endorse the success of this drama a lot of new people, in addition to Koushi Xun, the ROCKETS Qi Meizhen are made the show into the mainland. As for the ROCKETS, it was essential romance drama in Taiwan is his world.
Cast:
Zhongkai Jiang - Wei Kang Kou Shixun decorated - decorated
Wei Yun ROCKETS - Qiu Yuqing He played in court - Qi Meizhen decorated
Hyatt - Bei Ni poem bearing decorative heart - Chen Shali decorated
Di Zhong - Zhang Chong Dong Bin decorated - Tian Ping Spring home decoration
minutes - Lubi Yun Wei mother decorated - decorated
Yu Jie Guan Yi - Xu Yulan decorated 48: Spirit Of The Sword
】 【Year: 1978
【cast】: Fang Baoyu --- Leslie ornaments, princess --- Man Cher ornaments, decorated in white people ---- Chan Wai Man, Hu worry about --- Michael Lai ornaments and white space decorated --- Zhenhua, Zhou Fang Wu --- Back to the decorative,
--- Wang Wei Hou purple ornaments, Man City decorated heroes --- Xiong
Brief introduction】:
robbing the water is chaos, lone wave arena and suspense after another, highly successful martial arts cover .
EGL nameless swordsman in white people (Chan Wai Man) crossing from the West, openly challenged the Central Plains martial arts master, senior master of the white three-space (Zhenhua) also defeated by his grandson BoA (Leslie Cheung) is disciple of Hu to worry about (Michael Lai) away to the East China Sea looking for martial arts Extreme purple Hou (Wang Wei), the other disciples to be delivered to the four sects sects.
purple and white people Hou final battle over the East China Sea, win over the half-strokes, but it was white people Zhen Xin Mai off, leaving white people come back after seven years, said Central Plains. Ziyi, Hou death about seven years before the great responsibility given to the age of 13 Boa, purple princess, daughter of Hou (text Cher) was also wicked Abduction walk.
senior week parties in the purple Hou (Wu back) of the pointing, the BoA by virtue of their extraordinary wit and courage to come back to school in five years. At this point, the world recommend million heroes hero (Xiong City), D old lady called lakes, Mountain contest, to be war, the little princess and devil-fire appeared to clarify for the BoA grievances, and to accept the challenge, and eventually became a BoA the best candidate against white people.
seven day battle, BoA appointment awe-inspiring, death victory over the white people, calm martial arts calamity!
49: , another emperor, dangling her seventeen years after the bit. is love, regret, is true, is real?
thing of historical truth, if vague. And I just want to trace thousands of years ago she Canruo meteor pace, she was a hundred thousand fold back the hate flow between rivers and lakes in the temple and the Dai-zong Li Chu, Uighur Khan, son of An Lushan what this body go hh
pearl legendary concert of a theme song: beep < br> Tianzi Zhen Meng Chong, bright eyes turn Chu Hui, Lan Xin Hui known quality doors, Pearl Shen Wu talented woman, of reason and notice, the main standby for Orient House, colorful butterflies, even now the envy of the bamboo Bi, FY Acute tears of weeping pearls
turmoil, Yujie and Bingqing nakan rumors hit, Xijing remain legendary monopoly, the situation turmoil urgent, weeping tears of pearls, Yujie and Bingqing nakan rumors hit, leaving the legendary monopoly Xijing
50: to dominate the martial arts, collusion lakes disappeared for many years of Figure, Qin Jian, took a group of fifteen years work yet to succeed. And then the white daughter of a survivor Bai Xiaotian Daughter akishimo revenge for the newspaper, turn out to be an excellent martial arts, and lean Ming-Jian Sword full righting off evil, and finally his wife's murderer will be killed Bai Xiaotian
1: case, was able to discharge this great film, had to admire.
remember that the design is much more heavenly beauty ah, those magic, the clouds, and so stunt designed to be very beautiful, I'd still do not quite understand how the shot. more than ten years ago, much better film than it is now several times the film must be strong.
remember many beautiful women there, Miss Gao Wei Huili played, she had acted in Tianzhu rabbit; Zhu Lin, the daughter of the King speech, there are the apricot cents which, Zhizhu Jing you, are beautiful. the songs are all very nice, I remember singing that song apricot cents, and that the first Cang Tian Songhai century Abstract:
Chi Kung is known, the deification of the embodiment of figure Lohan Chi Kung Yang in the world to punish evil and good, saving lives. the people to him as a living Buddha, and those of heartless, evil is evil enough to hate him fear hh
4: Qin Li Shimin had to cross the border posing as newlyweds, in the morning till evening to take an interest in the process but because of their responsibility and identity had give up this feeling, when receiving tonsure trembling voice, Love Motto: I love you best only here, and then continue to have only hurt themselves
5: introduced after the opening of the first TV series, has turned out a record ratings miracle. 6: . Satoh, led Japan to the forces of evil Dongying Wu who attempt to dominate the Chinese martial arts, full of stirring up trouble, Chen Zhen seeing determined to rebuild, back to the world The Xie Yue. Song Dandan because , the old heads there anything that a snitch Xue, each character are very unique. I remember more clearly is not the lute boyfriend Qianqian hold, put him before the money spent is to be back Qianqian , including one day to buy a popsicle at the, at the time this man is really high black heels. then I saw the original, with the original TV series, like the basic, then think it is reasonable, but how valuable it seems Yeah. now where writers to change what you also pipe the original. but unfortunately has been looking for less than the series of discs, very much like a collection of
8: mind that with Natalie's Su Rongrong, that is classic. remember Ng Man Tat is also one of the legends play the Hu Tiehua.
9: feel that When the woman who is also very sad. Later, after another read looked comfortable.
10: Next, there is such a nice sense of humor gods Drama course will cause a sensation. the story is completely no impression, but remember that Pan Zhiwen Lu Tung-pin is played, very handsome.
11:
This version of the Wu has always been my favorite. then that baby is really pretty good Feng, her interpretation of the Empress Wu of the flavor out completely, because the very small and not very familiar with the historical facts, so I find it especially good-looking, has not been re-read, so I do not know what will happen now feel. I remember the guy play like her two, one is played by Stephen Owen Jun Pan Zhiwen, one is the right to play Tsang Wai Ming Chong Yan, two people or a culture are a force a martial arts I can not remember. But I always felt that the costumes are very Junya Pan Zhiwen, absolutely good-looking man.
12: Although time seems to have not used that word. I am now even what kind of actor can not remember
13: crying tears also flow into the river add up to a. I remember the beginning of television a few chicks with a hen that is made with the gurgle ...... remember the names of 5 children: Xiu Xiu. Hasty , curved, Pepe and Bingbing. the original curved, and the fat favorite uncle, the most admired Xiu Xiu, Xiu Xiu would like to have a sister like so to love me. Later, because the audience is also concerned about her five children fate, so he took a later sequel, Fei, Luo Yuelin early or often play such a handsome guy, the first of the , and is probably the preconceptions of it, always felt that the design of the shape of the Hong Kong martial arts films are mostly very good to see. that N years later shot to see mainland China chip yard, Yan Nanfei was ruined by Wu Jing. do not say this, posted lyrics.
15: Autumn's love tragedy shows the rise and fall of a large family. adaptation retains the basic framework of the original, but in some circumstances the relationship between settings and characters do a lot of changes, changed the name of the hero: Kim Jin Kim called the West changed Yanxi , fall into a deserted He Yanqiu. has shown signs of autumn LIZA Yan played, it is scared to Heaven. Even many years later, she played with
Natalie Yan Qiu still play Mulan woman costume dramas of the modern mind example, that I do not know for some time points, smoke, adaptation, Lin is my very favorite writers, the original English version was first, then it was Lin Yutang himself translated into Chinese. with > top grade, artistic conception is quite consistent with the original spirit of the
17: Fairy Zhang Jing's mother; Murong into one nine and Su Ying; Yannan Tian is scheduled to die; and on the invitation of Jiangbie He was surprised to be killed. But the two main actors I do not care about them completely. poisonivy how Tony Leung see all trivial, and nothing more than he saw both God the little fish-shaped; Wu Dai Hua Wuque to see how inclusive is personable, a
attack white, how a handsome Zile.
18: often need a full role: Shen son to active about the plot. is essentially a set of string together a story, each episode is now speech has been forgotten, just remember to watch this drama had left behind Laughter
19: years old, Joyful, home has came down to the age of Viagra, but still no end, anxious mother at the side ah, so rental housing, to the three forest beautiful young woman, Ling and Yao Yiyi in mining. center after Anyway, the fruition of a number of twists and turns of the. similar to home-style Taiwanese Bewitched light comedy. played in the mining Tu Ling ah ~ Nicole is a big beautiful mother made it clear that bovine remember it? askew couplets posted up at home?
So I was wrong. This is an integrated hundreds of thousands of children through the age of sixteen, weaving a song, a poem, a dream. sixteen-year-old songs sounding euphemism, not catchy; sixteen poems warm and imaginative, it may not rhyme; sixteen-year-old dream of pure and true, may not be successful.
strange nostalgia unlimited poet Hsi Mu-jung said: Sixteen-year-old flowers, and only one season. But the friend, as long as you have over sixteen years of age and you have had a hot and sun, blood red, like the youth.
22: , did not think it looks better. Felix Wong's performance style is like Guo Jing, simple and honest and simple and honest, the role quite suitable for him. Wen Zhao Lun, then began his career performing bad, had a newspaper that a certain place for a woman whom he had played a mad Kang . Carina Lau played Nichu Jun made a lot of sympathy, the most unbearable, why Chujun the last to die? Why are there so late in Hong dead?. maggie points in this miserable inside, thinking that love been encountered push the train, confused writer Kathy Chow is also committed suicide. There Lanjie Ying, has shown signs of it that is the beauty of this woman was wrongly imprisoned last hanged.
23: a costume film, the heroine is Maggie Siu, villain is played Dai Rong Wu Hua Wuque. probably about the invention Dugujiujian the uncontested top dog story of a teenager. a child in Lu Xiangting to see, then think maggie so beautiful, but unfortunately and the many roles she played as the final result is not good.
24: . At that time Yeh also some baby fat, his face looked so cute meat toot. This film is the first time I saw Lan Jieying, at first glance to think of this mm pretty good, but unfortunately get good luck, and now she changed like that. This film does not make sense of the style which first emerged Yeh, then look at the time felt quite funny.
25: The series, which I have been a favorite. then that baby is really pretty good Feng, Wu charm her out totally interpretation, and when I entered primary school, because they do not quite understand the historical facts of a very small, so I find it particularly look good, but then has not seen, so I do not know what will happen now feel. I remember the play like the two guy, one play Yuwen Pan Zhiwen Jun, one is the right Zeng Yan Chong Ming played, two people are article, or have a military martial arts I can not remember. But I always felt that the costumes are very Junya Pan Zhiwen, absolutely good-looking man.
26: was of very wide. I do not remember me in the end to see did not look, but I actually somehow remember the three play A Letter of the actor's name, Kobayashi Ayako Nakano Ryoko, and B. Yu believes in the Son, if I remember correctly .
27: , did not know they are very famous in Taiwan, Shen deal a speech as if named Shen Hairong, very touching speech. In particular, the singer of that song remake now, and what is called Beach, Chow Yun-fat and Natalie they were and how many people played a couple, only like major situation as never received
29: Fen Lin Strong and actor Chen Xiaoxu overnight, they shape the role to be recognized as the most realistic version of the audience to imagine. Jia Lin's passionate tenderness and sadness are two thin penetrating interpreted. from the initial Bao Dai ; long-awaited difficult path , south sea, North Iron Mountain, a mountain never Atlas world.
North martial arts expert Jiang Tieshan (Zheng Zhang decorated) good at the Forthright, some good skill. Some people come to jiangjia care dart, something for Iron Mountain, Wen-ying liang and mother seedlings (Guo Jinhua decoration), took care dart, only to be robbed on his way, liang was seriously injured, who were abducted Man Ying go hh
very old Singaporean TV drama left for the and Shen Shaohua in troubled times by the love to hate, then hate the invisible emotional journey to see the movie so that each person shook endless.
love motto: hard to easy to come and go, decades of this world tour ; points easily separated difficult to gather together, love and hate eternal woe. so you do not want to go, to bid farewell, I have not seen so far the world to follow us there is still a hint of a whisper the legend.
32: Xia Lu version of the more successful. At that time Andy has just debut, the handsome and tender form is recognized as the conditions consistent with Jin Yong Yang Guo; and Idy Chan's own personality is Raisin, coupled with its refined form, is simply the real Xiao Long Nu. a long time away from my constant sorrow; want you to forget the melancholy forget care, to free you from loneliness.
33: Hui familiar with the 80s of last century TV audience will remember that the Department of Japanese drama assistant stage. Finally, both with the sea, Sachiko with a happy smile in the arms of a loved one to sleep forever and Shankoubaihui hh Miura friends and co-write the film Sheng Silian
34: 80's TV series Lu Xiao Feng
【Introduction】
Lu Xiaofeng Gu Long novel is a prominent figure in five years, .1981, Gu boom is still spreading, the director Chu Yuan gain another victory, the Lu Xiaofeng the most talked about story of the cut the top of the identify the hero re-hero, never met, but no conflict of interest, when no fight is necessary, guess things are Qiaoxi, and flower filled floor (Sun Jian) and Sikongzhaixing and other friends of no avail, then spend lots of money to buy the message, but know Ximen suddenly postponed the decisive month hh
35: <>
Main Profile:
over the Red Road, together Shuiyun. > Master Ice Princess of Wales House, such as side to be able to give birth to a son before the Princess, in order to maintain their status, frauds turn phoenix, to his daughter away, in order to recognize the future can be, as with the princes of snow to send her Plum hairpin in the girl's right shoulder bears the imprint of a plum. in exchange for the son of Chen Hao Yin Shuang women love musicians, but he is not able to connect into the palace to Yinshuang, because the emperor had given him married Princess Lan wife.
snow knows his son's feelings, adventure and Hong Yee received the Yinshuang made a girl into the palace. Unexpectedly, the Princess been known to Yinshuang discuss the go, day torture, all because of Yinshuang change was pregnant, Yinshuang who got full recognition of the government has done a Plum mark the twenty one year ago lost his daughter back hh
37 Most ecstasy Meihuasannong! a broken human intestinal plum, plum two get tough job faced, Meihuasannong storm, the clouds of the vast depths of the water! Red owned Infatuated, MO laugh too crazy fool! would have no biting, that was fragrant plum!
acting beyond the original cast, singing the theme song from the leaf to plaintive and moving, the music and also in line with the needs of the story. Qiongyao 90 is a superior TV work for.
side of the grass a girl unwilling entangled in the fate of the established, on the green wedding Associated escape. Yangzhou Fujiazhuang went to relatives of the sea grass refuge grandfather, on the road coincidence the same family of runaway youth cynical Ho Shi Wei, a variety of reasons so the trio decide to walk together, the dark green of the Shiwei hygiene conditions to economic construction.
Fujiazhuang after arrival, caused by successive events of the past hh [Full Text]
38: br> A girl named Wanjun
a girl named Wanjun
search
her story a little twist of the bride edge set Sansei
sad
suddenly a dream a girl name through the ages called Wanjun
offer all kinds of bright eyes water Lvbin clouds set in loving life
39: in a domineering. Meng Jiang von baby, Jing Ke is Damian, and forget the role of Michelle. went to Xi'an to shoot with 63 sets the length of the TV series in Hong Kong can be considered huge at the time made. Gallen Lo was singing the theme song hear just fine.
40: 80's TV series song song song put together into a soulful song
a song struck a chord song one song a deep feeling of happiness and joy
ah youth are so many years like a river < br> ah come together to form the river years merged into a song song song come together to form a high-pitched song
song wasted years pursuing a song
hopes and dreams are so many ah days of his youth like a river
years merged into a song come together to form the river ah
song song song come together to form an unforgettable song
song a memorable song
41: Buddha Chen Shiang-
rich kids (Fei Meng) good weapons early age, suffering without teacher guidance, pointing his mother then went to Guangzhou to find their uncle Lee mountains thanks to its as a teacher, Chen Shiang-down in Guangzhou, fell off the horse to save the wealthy daughter of Annie Cheng (Li Meixian), Annie left its deep impression.
Chen Shiang, was born eleven years Jiaqing (1806) Malaysia and Singapore in July, Yamen Town, Xinhui, Guangdong Beijing Umemura people. Chen Shiang-loved martial arts since childhood, 7-year-old with Zushu Yuan-care study studies, 17 years old and thanks to good stick work and the work of the new session Qibao legs were Lee Hill School as a teacher, . Subsequently, Luo Fu Shan monks Caifu subglottic investment study ; Yongsheng Tong Cai Lifo boxing then told to send the birth, and Chen Shiang also revered as the founder of Cai Lifo.
42: The place to go wrong, I do not repent
troubled life itself has been and how much more time
if there is no pain when you were not cherish my foot had a ray of Qingsi
earn thousands of miles Even if this situation does not fire off
minds of children who said
I am not afraid to be lonely journey if you miss my lonely journey
I am not afraid if you miss me as long as you miss me
43: The first test mainland martial arts, action, dubbing it off, your skills are true.
44: 1983 edition of : Taiwan TV drama Shang Ming hhhhhhhh phase
rain
West Long Long Guan Wu
beggar hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Jiang Nan Ming Fu Long Guan Ming
bitter melon hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh Su Guoliang
Long Xiaotian Li a
Sima Yun Peng Cheng hhhhhhh Huanglong Stuart White Skull hhhhhhhh Xiushan hhhhhhh Chen Dewei
across the sea no trace hhhhhhh Xie see text
sea dragon hhhhhhh Cai Zhongqiu
small day flying sand hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhh PROCEEDINGS gun
still flying half a day
46: 【Hong Kong Jing Dianju Ni apology, which enemies to the couple, and then became a couple. Shumin and Ni Bowen is the screen then play a couple Michelle and Damian, did not expect that, after nearly 20 years, Michelle also look younger even than in the past ~ ~
47: combination of the diamond story, excellent interpretation, the achievements of a legendary island television history. then play the theme song is a street known Lane Press, catchy songs.
endorse the success of this drama a lot of new people, in addition to Koushi Xun, the ROCKETS Qi Meizhen are made the show into the mainland. As for the ROCKETS, it was essential romance drama in Taiwan is his world.
Cast:
Zhongkai Jiang - Wei Kang Kou Shixun decorated - decorated
Wei Yun ROCKETS - Qiu Yuqing He played in court - Qi Meizhen decorated
Hyatt - Bei Ni poem bearing decorative heart - Chen Shali decorated
Di Zhong - Zhang Chong Dong Bin decorated - Tian Ping Spring home decoration
minutes - Lubi Yun Wei mother decorated - decorated
Yu Jie Guan Yi - Xu Yulan decorated 48: Spirit Of The Sword
】 【Year: 1978
【cast】: Fang Baoyu --- Leslie ornaments, princess --- Man Cher ornaments, decorated in white people ---- Chan Wai Man, Hu worry about --- Michael Lai ornaments and white space decorated --- Zhenhua, Zhou Fang Wu --- Back to the decorative,
--- Wang Wei Hou purple ornaments, Man City decorated heroes --- Xiong
Brief introduction】:
robbing the water is chaos, lone wave arena and suspense after another, highly successful martial arts cover .
EGL nameless swordsman in white people (Chan Wai Man) crossing from the West, openly challenged the Central Plains martial arts master, senior master of the white three-space (Zhenhua) also defeated by his grandson BoA (Leslie Cheung) is disciple of Hu to worry about (Michael Lai) away to the East China Sea looking for martial arts Extreme purple Hou (Wang Wei), the other disciples to be delivered to the four sects sects.
purple and white people Hou final battle over the East China Sea, win over the half-strokes, but it was white people Zhen Xin Mai off, leaving white people come back after seven years, said Central Plains. Ziyi, Hou death about seven years before the great responsibility given to the age of 13 Boa, purple princess, daughter of Hou (text Cher) was also wicked Abduction walk.
senior week parties in the purple Hou (Wu back) of the pointing, the BoA by virtue of their extraordinary wit and courage to come back to school in five years. At this point, the world recommend million heroes hero (Xiong City), D old lady called lakes, Mountain contest, to be war, the little princess and devil-fire appeared to clarify for the BoA grievances, and to accept the challenge, and eventually became a BoA the best candidate against white people.
seven day battle, BoA appointment awe-inspiring, death victory over the white people, calm martial arts calamity!
49: , another emperor, dangling her seventeen years after the bit. is love, regret, is true, is real?
thing of historical truth, if vague. And I just want to trace thousands of years ago she Canruo meteor pace, she was a hundred thousand fold back the hate flow between rivers and lakes in the temple and the Dai-zong Li Chu, Uighur Khan, son of An Lushan what this body go hh
pearl legendary concert of a theme song: beep < br> Tianzi Zhen Meng Chong, bright eyes turn Chu Hui, Lan Xin Hui known quality doors, Pearl Shen Wu talented woman, of reason and notice, the main standby for Orient House, colorful butterflies, even now the envy of the bamboo Bi, FY Acute tears of weeping pearls
turmoil, Yujie and Bingqing nakan rumors hit, Xijing remain legendary monopoly, the situation turmoil urgent, weeping tears of pearls, Yujie and Bingqing nakan rumors hit, leaving the legendary monopoly Xijing
50: to dominate the martial arts, collusion lakes disappeared for many years of Figure, Qin Jian, took a group of fifteen years work yet to succeed. And then the white daughter of a survivor Bai Xiaotian Daughter akishimo revenge for the newspaper, turn out to be an excellent martial arts, and lean Ming-Jian Sword full righting off evil, and finally his wife's murderer will be killed Bai Xiaotian
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Twelve constellation of dazzling crystal
Aries dazzling symbol of blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. Shining bright, and engaging, integrated into the female The charming gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries blessing!
Taurus has always been dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth, and wealth-related off almost any terms all have a , placing price hale and hearty, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also they can be confident EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL The face that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
, dancing in his head circled desire to kiss the cheek, and then quietly dropped, more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the Love is in the past. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and Yang dazzling leaves hh
Cancer Crystal
, Cancer as a parent began to use this song to coax his old dream babe! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, will be dedicating own everything. whether virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
conquer the world. conquer the world, how to gain power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so the Lions girls Oh, the world situation!
Aries dazzling symbol of blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. crystal bright, photo and engaging, integrated into the women's charming gentle, strong but not resentment, while custodial mad - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their Aries deeply blessed!
post related images:
dazzling crystal
Taurus is a symbol of wealth since ancient times, shells, almost any word-related and wealth are associated with The shells are usually only bring good luck, but not sparkling, placing price of hale and hearty, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. a Swarovsk crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, Taurus MM has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
post related images:
Gemini dazzling crystal
Looking back, only in exchange for this life pass by. they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love , also written in the wind can mind the floating leaves of Young hh
post related images:
Cancer dazzling crystal
tip hh Crystal light on but no flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal , the sensitivities attached to hh
post related images:
Leo dazzling crystal
But for many women the lion inappropriate. While women are sometimes like a lion-like cat nestled in the arms of men, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as Earth covered by the sea, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal
person Virgo are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world really are right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gift, gouache thorough Holy Virgin are even more beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
life and wisdom tempered the growth of a lot of things people actually realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either to add or decrease will cause chaos in the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the day for the fetish; Crystal AB and intricate process, so that light snow Pan elegant light, giving women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as nature shooter optimistic woman, confined in the things, lucky, cheerful, full of life the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle edge peak handling, comfortable to wear, so that fashion the perfect combination of faith and blessing for the kind of happiness Women shooters to create a beautiful and unusual.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
fall next year will sow the seeds of flowering, and the seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, bloom for several months, however, not towering tall trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aries compelling symbol of the blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of the Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. shining bright, and engaging, integrated into the female charming and gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
Taurus Since ancient times, dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth, the wealth associated with almost any word related to have a Price hale and hearty attitude, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also they can be confident EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL the Facing that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
dancing in his head circled desire to kiss the cheek, and then quietly dropped, more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, but life can only keep the Love in the past. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and leaves Young's dazzling crystal hh
Cancer
Cancer as a parent began to use this song to coax his old dream babe! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, will selflessly give their everything. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
conquer the world. world, how to gain power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so the girls situation Lions Oh, world!
dazzling crystal
Virgo people are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure crystal powder, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - Whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts, are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with wisdom lives of people realize that a lot of growth there is no absolute fact of the matter on wrong; as the two ends of scales, either add or reduce, the confusion would lead to the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the days for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB process, so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the soul deep calm, optimistic nature, just as striker woman, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable wear, so bless the perfect combination of faith and fashion for good shooter happy to create a remarkable woman beautiful.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
sow the seeds of the fall will bloom next year, but after a few seedlings have to years of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, the flower, but a few months, not towering trees, the trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see them What shock move, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but the tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius dazzling crystal
various articles of human thinking box tied easily to thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of meaning and value. However, the charm of life lies in the powerful forces dare to say no, dare to think of things from the maverick! Similarly, the highest level of beauty is intangible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is worth shock, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful with its own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Aries symbol of dazzling crystal
life blood red, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. shining bright, and engaging, charming women's integration into the gentle, strong but not resentful, mad while custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
dazzling crystal
Taurus is the wealth of ancient shells symbol of wealth associated with almost any word related to have a We regret endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, a good rise higher and higher Win!
Gemini dazzling crystal
cheek, and then quietly slipped more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desire each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and Yang Cancer leaves hh
dazzling crystal
small boats, small boats pointed at both ends hh song to coax their baby fall asleep! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm, or intelligence sinus girl, the moon can make it more gentle crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
Try some men and women, but women more than the lion inappropriate. While women who occasionally like lion-like cat nestled in the arms of men, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise spherical crystal covered by sea water as Earth, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and Xuan, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal Virgo
people are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; if that the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts , are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with the wisdom of life growth is actually a lot of things people realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either party add or reduce, the confusion would lead to the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the day for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB Process so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as optimist by nature shooter Women, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable to wear, so that fashion the perfect combination of faith and blessings, Happy for the good shooter with an extraordinary woman to create the beautiful.
Capricorn
dazzling autumn sown the seed crystal will flower next year, while the seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful material; However, flowers but a few months, not towering trees, the trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find brilliant shine on people's performance; but tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius dazzling crystal
various articles of human thinking box tied easily to thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of the meaning and value. However, the life charm of powerful forces that dare to say no, dare to think of things from the maverick! Similarly, the highest level of beauty is intangible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is stunned, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful with its own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Scorpio
dazzling crystal starfish, one hiding behind the offensive reef organisms, careful to make no sound, but drug toxicity. However, when they face when their loved ones, but gentle, caring. superb crystal effects, it is made from the depths of the ocean starfish exudes the atmosphere in the shade of cold, but in which the desire to be close to brewing, persistent feelings of love's hot. Scorpio woman's beauty is cold, Scorpio women love to do, put this charming crystal, the ancient sea of the soul and the human spirit has a new resonance combination of the extreme beauty and love will make scorpion women who get powerful and everlasting life!
Aries dazzling symbol of blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. crystal bright, and engaging, integrated into the women's charming gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the Aries girl, Shi Swarovski the extreme effects, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
Taurus dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth since ancient times, almost any word related with wealth have a related Tony come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
Looking back five hundred times, only in exchange for this life pass by. . Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if not ultimately has all the beloved, but also able to record heart floating in the wind Yang leaves hh
Cancer dazzling crystal
, the Cancer baby nestled in his mother arms, let them sing the song sounding nursery rhymes; grow up, Cancer as a parent, starting with the old coax your baby dream song! The yellow light on the crystal flameless, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
We occasionally like a cat-like man nestled in the arms, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology that Ling and dazzle of its multi-move, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal
Virgo people are eager to become the focus of world interest, not a virgin exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather angular light degree of this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts, are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with the wisdom of life, growth is actually a lot of things people realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either added or reduced, will cause confusion in the world, with the exception evenly matched, all to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetry of snow often makes mathematicians wonder, as the day for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB process, so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive scales noble!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as nature shooter optimistic woman, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, God gift! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable to wear, so bless the perfect combination of faith and fashion for good shooter happy to create a remarkable woman beautiful.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
the coming year will fall flower seeds sown, and seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, the flowers a few months, however, not towering tall trees the opposite. Capricorn woman eye position as ordinary non-small tree, restrained and deep, difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but the root down the bar, paid off, finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius people think dazzling crystal
easily Article box of various constraints, which for thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of the meaning and value. However, the charm of life lies in the powerful forces dare to say no, dare to consider themselves on the maverick thing! Similarly, the United States the highest state is invisible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is stunned, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful their own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Scorpio
dazzling crystal starfish, one hiding behind the offensive biological reef, silently, but drug toxicity. However, when they face their own When loved ones, but gentle, caring. superb crystal effects, it is made from the depths of the ocean starfish exudes the atmosphere in the shade of the cold, but in which the desire to be close to brewing, persistent love of hot feelings. Scorpio woman's beauty is cold, Scorpio women love to do, put this charming crystal, the ancient sea of the soul and start a new resonance with the human soul, to the utmost of beauty and love will make them get a strong female scorpion power and eternal life!
Pisces dazzling crystal
What color is love? Aries is red, warm and full of passion; Taurus is yellow, with a wonderful enjoyment; Gemini is green, fresh and full of fun; and love expert Pisces is pink, warm and sweet as the feeling of love, the gentle does not extricate itself. pink crystal confession of love to pass Pisces, so that they reflect the light shining immortal love , romantic endless!
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. Shining bright, and engaging, integrated into the female The charming gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries blessing!
Taurus has always been dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth, and wealth-related off almost any terms all have a , placing price hale and hearty, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also they can be confident EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL The face that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
, dancing in his head circled desire to kiss the cheek, and then quietly dropped, more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the Love is in the past. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and Yang dazzling leaves hh
Cancer Crystal
, Cancer as a parent began to use this song to coax his old dream babe! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, will be dedicating own everything. whether virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
conquer the world. conquer the world, how to gain power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so the Lions girls Oh, the world situation!
Aries dazzling symbol of blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. crystal bright, photo and engaging, integrated into the women's charming gentle, strong but not resentment, while custodial mad - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their Aries deeply blessed!
post related images:
dazzling crystal
Taurus is a symbol of wealth since ancient times, shells, almost any word-related and wealth are associated with The shells are usually only bring good luck, but not sparkling, placing price of hale and hearty, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. a Swarovsk crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, Taurus MM has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
post related images:
Gemini dazzling crystal
Looking back, only in exchange for this life pass by. they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love , also written in the wind can mind the floating leaves of Young hh
post related images:
Cancer dazzling crystal
tip hh Crystal light on but no flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal , the sensitivities attached to hh
post related images:
Leo dazzling crystal
But for many women the lion inappropriate. While women are sometimes like a lion-like cat nestled in the arms of men, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as Earth covered by the sea, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal
person Virgo are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world really are right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gift, gouache thorough Holy Virgin are even more beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
life and wisdom tempered the growth of a lot of things people actually realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either to add or decrease will cause chaos in the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the day for the fetish; Crystal AB and intricate process, so that light snow Pan elegant light, giving women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as nature shooter optimistic woman, confined in the things, lucky, cheerful, full of life the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle edge peak handling, comfortable to wear, so that fashion the perfect combination of faith and blessing for the kind of happiness Women shooters to create a beautiful and unusual.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
fall next year will sow the seeds of flowering, and the seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, bloom for several months, however, not towering tall trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aries compelling symbol of the blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of the Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. shining bright, and engaging, integrated into the female charming and gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
Taurus Since ancient times, dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth, the wealth associated with almost any word related to have a Price hale and hearty attitude, it seems to make them regret that Taurus endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also they can be confident EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL the Facing that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
dancing in his head circled desire to kiss the cheek, and then quietly dropped, more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, but life can only keep the Love in the past. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and leaves Young's dazzling crystal hh
Cancer
Cancer as a parent began to use this song to coax his old dream babe! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, will selflessly give their everything. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
conquer the world. world, how to gain power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and dazzle, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so the girls situation Lions Oh, world!
dazzling crystal
Virgo people are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure crystal powder, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - Whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts, are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with wisdom lives of people realize that a lot of growth there is no absolute fact of the matter on wrong; as the two ends of scales, either add or reduce, the confusion would lead to the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the days for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB process, so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the soul deep calm, optimistic nature, just as striker woman, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable wear, so bless the perfect combination of faith and fashion for good shooter happy to create a remarkable woman beautiful.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
sow the seeds of the fall will bloom next year, but after a few seedlings have to years of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, the flower, but a few months, not towering trees, the trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see them What shock move, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but the tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius dazzling crystal
various articles of human thinking box tied easily to thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of meaning and value. However, the charm of life lies in the powerful forces dare to say no, dare to think of things from the maverick! Similarly, the highest level of beauty is intangible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is worth shock, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful with its own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Aries symbol of dazzling crystal
life blood red, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. shining bright, and engaging, charming women's integration into the gentle, strong but not resentful, mad while custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the girl Aries, Swarovski extreme results, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
dazzling crystal
Taurus is the wealth of ancient shells symbol of wealth associated with almost any word related to have a We regret endless beauty. Swarovsk a crystal shell for Taurus dream come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, a good rise higher and higher Win!
Gemini dazzling crystal
cheek, and then quietly slipped more love to fly around. Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desire each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if the final can not have all the love, and mind can remember floating in the wind and Yang Cancer leaves hh
dazzling crystal
small boats, small boats pointed at both ends hh song to coax their baby fall asleep! The bright yellow crystals months without flame, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm, or intelligence sinus girl, the moon can make it more gentle crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
Try some men and women, but women more than the lion inappropriate. While women who occasionally like lion-like cat nestled in the arms of men, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise spherical crystal covered by sea water as Earth, world-class technology make it more dynamic Ling and Xuan, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal Virgo
people are eager to become the focus of world interest, Virgin is no exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; if that the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather light angular degree this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts , are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with the wisdom of life growth is actually a lot of things people realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either party add or reduce, the confusion would lead to the world, with the exception evenly matched, everything to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetrical snowflakes that mathematicians often wonder, as the day for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB Process so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive grace scales!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as optimist by nature shooter Women, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, the gift of God! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable to wear, so that fashion the perfect combination of faith and blessings, Happy for the good shooter with an extraordinary woman to create the beautiful.
Capricorn
dazzling autumn sown the seed crystal will flower next year, while the seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful material; However, flowers but a few months, not towering trees, the trees opposite. Capricorn no ordinary woman's eye as the tree pose, introverted and deep, it is difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find brilliant shine on people's performance; but tie down roots, profound knowledge, and finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius dazzling crystal
various articles of human thinking box tied easily to thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of the meaning and value. However, the life charm of powerful forces that dare to say no, dare to think of things from the maverick! Similarly, the highest level of beauty is intangible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is stunned, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful with its own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Scorpio
dazzling crystal starfish, one hiding behind the offensive reef organisms, careful to make no sound, but drug toxicity. However, when they face when their loved ones, but gentle, caring. superb crystal effects, it is made from the depths of the ocean starfish exudes the atmosphere in the shade of cold, but in which the desire to be close to brewing, persistent feelings of love's hot. Scorpio woman's beauty is cold, Scorpio women love to do, put this charming crystal, the ancient sea of the soul and the human spirit has a new resonance combination of the extreme beauty and love will make scorpion women who get powerful and everlasting life!
Aries dazzling symbol of blood-red crystal
life, contains the ultimate dignity of the vernal equinox at the beginning of Aries, even if the condensate at the end of life, already the world's Tenda message of hope. crystal bright, and engaging, integrated into the women's charming gentle, strong but not resentful, mad and a custodial - so vivid life the beauty of the Aries girl, Shi Swarovski the extreme effects, but also embodies the beauty of their deep Aries wishes!
Taurus dazzling crystal
shell is a symbol of wealth since ancient times, almost any word related with wealth have a related Tony come true - sunshine, colorful maps, MM Taurus has not only made beautiful, but also the confidence that they can confront the EXCELLENCE IN GEOTECHNICAL that stone into gold, rise higher and higher good luck!
Gemini dazzling crystal
Looking back five hundred times, only in exchange for this life pass by. . Do not say they are passionate, because the curious nature make it seen too many past lives, life can only keep the past but Love. colorful crystal leaf filled with endless desires, each color of the opposite sex is the object of their favor; even if not ultimately has all the beloved, but also able to record heart floating in the wind Yang leaves hh
Cancer dazzling crystal
, the Cancer baby nestled in his mother arms, let them sing the song sounding nursery rhymes; grow up, Cancer as a parent, starting with the old coax your baby dream song! The yellow light on the crystal flameless, warm but not burning, just like kind of Cancer woman, to the beloved home, everything will be all his selfless dedication. whether it is virtuous charm or intelligence sinus girls can make it more gentle moon crystal, the sensitivities attached to hh
Leo dazzling crystal
We occasionally like a cat-like man nestled in the arms, but they is how most of the time to conquer the world, how to get the power and dignity. Bise of the spherical crystal as if the earth covered by sea water, world-class technology that Ling and dazzle of its multi-move, not only radiant, as well as vertical and horizontal latitude and longitude of the ride flavor, so that the world situation the Lions girls Oh!
dazzling crystal
Virgo people are eager to become the focus of world interest, not a virgin exception. The difference is, virgin magnanimous man, uncorrupted, pure as the transparency of the pure powder crystal, crystal clear, not stained micro-flaws; If the world is really right and wrong, then she would rather angular light degree of this life, do not want to have it both ways, a swinging live. Give the purest most refined people - whether self-pity self-love, or loved beauty gifts, are even more thorough gouache holy virgin, beautiful!
Libra dazzling crystal
tempered with the wisdom of life, growth is actually a lot of things people realize that there is no absolute right or wrong; like the scales of the two ends, either added or reduced, will cause confusion in the world, with the exception evenly matched, all to work properly. Perhaps, harmony is the greatest good! symmetry of snow often makes mathematicians wonder, as the day for the fetish; talent for Crystal AB process, so elegant and light snow light pan to give women more attractive scales noble!
Sagittarius dazzling crystal
true happiness comes from awareness of the world, from the calm soul, just as nature shooter optimistic woman, confined in the material, lucky, cheerful, full of life, God gift! Plastic Crystal Cross over the past few traditional style, the aim of bringing the cold crystal soft subtle handling of the peak edge, comfortable to wear, so bless the perfect combination of faith and fashion for good shooter happy to create a remarkable woman beautiful.
Capricorn dazzling crystal
the coming year will fall flower seeds sown, and seedlings have to after decades of refinement, in order to become useful materials; However, the flowers a few months, however, not towering tall trees the opposite. Capricorn woman eye position as ordinary non-small tree, restrained and deep, difficult to see how they move to shock the world, it is difficult to find a brilliant shine on people's performance; but the root down the bar, paid off, finally in a day and no one can! brown crystal subtle, low-key, but the light restrained them, the occasion to face the sun, bright light will the world was stunned!
Aquarius people think dazzling crystal
easily Article box of various constraints, which for thousands of years, generation after generation, the former hard man forced to run around the definition of the meaning and value. However, the charm of life lies in the powerful forces dare to say no, dare to consider themselves on the maverick thing! Similarly, the United States the highest state is invisible, the invisible heart and crystal, it is stunned, wearing only hope to have an early Concert - discerning, women choose their own way in the water bottle and play, beautiful their own beauty, fashion the future of fashion!
Scorpio
dazzling crystal starfish, one hiding behind the offensive biological reef, silently, but drug toxicity. However, when they face their own When loved ones, but gentle, caring. superb crystal effects, it is made from the depths of the ocean starfish exudes the atmosphere in the shade of the cold, but in which the desire to be close to brewing, persistent love of hot feelings. Scorpio woman's beauty is cold, Scorpio women love to do, put this charming crystal, the ancient sea of the soul and start a new resonance with the human soul, to the utmost of beauty and love will make them get a strong female scorpion power and eternal life!
Pisces dazzling crystal
What color is love? Aries is red, warm and full of passion; Taurus is yellow, with a wonderful enjoyment; Gemini is green, fresh and full of fun; and love expert Pisces is pink, warm and sweet as the feeling of love, the gentle does not extricate itself. pink crystal confession of love to pass Pisces, so that they reflect the light shining immortal love , romantic endless!
Monday, February 21, 2011
Comparison of three major schools of institutional economics and Analysis
Comparison of three major schools of institutional economics and Evaluation
First, the rise and the school system by
20 century and the twenties and thirties, the Western economic theory into a protracted economic crisis, 70 years since the 19th century has been dominated by the rise of new classical economics theory of spontaneous market balance seriously out of line with economic reality, the increasing loss of explanatory power of orthodox economics. caused the main reason for this disconnect comes from two major shortcomings of neoclassical economics, a isolated individualism assumption, one perfect market assumptions. In this assumption, the use of neo-classical economics the method of deductive logic of the economic process to the organic treatment, random and causal factors were excluded from the analysis outside the system, development of economic theory makes a similar mathematics, physics discipline. Keynesian revolution introduced a certain amount of ideological uncertainty, however, the new neoclassical synthesis subsequent formal processing through the Keynesian macro-analysis, a combination of Keynesian and neo-classical thinking, but dropped the Cairns on the risks, uncertainties and other revolutionary ideas and expectations. And such a comprehensive theory of neo-classical paradigm was a long time in economics, both as to maintain and strengthen the mainstream , making the entire foundation of economic theory has not been fundamentally touched. (Note: see Bell and Kristol editor of on the basis of traditional economics to develop. its founder, a combination of Darwin's theory of evolution who Bolun, the German Historical School, early American pragmatism of the analysis, the history of capitalism and the reality of in-depth analysis, from economics, anthropology, cultural studies, biology, etc. Talking about the economic and social problems perspective, the core of the steering system of economic analysis, the formation of the research method of economic problems institutionalism .20 century, where the system of Bolun scholars in the United States attracted wide attention and controversy. have created a system where the Bolun analysis of school, get in the Commons for further development of China Everbright. twenties and thirties of the 20th century, institutional economics in economic circles in the United States sent a university, not only become a major force in economic circles, but also had an important impact of government policies. the history of economic thought the incident took place during this period was called the The rise of system, school and other non-mainstream schools was ignored until the 60's, the resurgence of institutionalism. this period, there were two economists as the representative of the people called after the school system on behalf of institutional economics, and will be represented by a system such as Coase called the New Institutional Economics School. some academics have suggested a new points system that, according to the theory of association, the former is called New Institutional Economics No. 5).. taking into account the title of the new institutional economics has been used for the most people, this is still divided by the former method, these two school systems are called reality, the assumptions of mainstream economics, research methods produce less, thus turning institutionalism analysis. The most typical is Myrdal, according to their academic belief system by the neo-classical doctrine to change the the ability to solve practical problems belong to neo-liberal ideology in one, and the early theory to institutional economics is relatively small. New Institutional Economics as the system of neoclassical economics neglected the study. In their view, the most important and neo-classical long been overlooked the reality that the existence of transaction costs and the importance of the system, and ignore the reality of the premise of economics is not viable. pioneer of the new institutional economics Coase pointedly noted that the new classical economics, but a bunch of tools, research is committed to the early institutional economics, institutional economics and new institutional economics, after all, as the opposite of the neo-classical appearance three forms of institutional economics from different perspectives and dimensions of the paradigm of neoclassical economic theory was criticized are based system as the research object, starting from the analysis of the system to establish their own doctrine, but the perspective of the system and methods and different, each theoretical characteristics, with a strong comparable. in which the early system of school and Theory after the school system there are more theoretical inheritance, and new institutional economics and the first two quite different, this article will be after the early institutional economics and institutional economics are compared on this basis, and then compare the former Both the similarities and differences with the new institutional economics.
Second, the early post-institutional economics institutional economics and comparative economic systems
School and the early post-institutional economics theory has a certain relationship between heritage, common features in theory more prominent. can be summarized as two common characteristics of the following six aspects.
(1) Culture and the overall point of view. the early system of economics, the economy as an integral part of culture, from the whole study the evolution of the economy . that society is based on the system, habits, attitudes and values of dynamic composition of the organic complex, and therefore must be comprehensive manner possible to evaluate and adjust. in the system analysis, the focus of family, national, legal, cultural, political, and other institutional arrangements as a whole, the nature, evolution and its impact on the economy. Institutional Economics Institutional Economics to the post after the development of its core is still the overall evolution from the perspective of the analysis system, and processing system as a variable to understand and grasp of human behavior and make policy recommendations accordingly. Galbraith clearly expressed their view of holism: complementary parts, or conflicting, or because of the presence of each other, the image of the common changes, the situation certainly is. 3.)
(2) process and the evolution point of view. From the early evolution of institutional economics, the evolution of the overall system perspective. early representative of one school of institutional economics where Bolun first proposed the term evolutionary economics and on this basis, the creation of school systems. This idea was later inherited by the post-school system and development. Therefore, whether early or after the system of institutional economics school of economics are affected by Darwin's theory of evolution, the evolution as is to understand the capitalist economy, technological and institutional changes in the basic method, that economics should seize the evolution of this central theme, rather than follow the neo-classical economics, the idea of static and balanced. in the evolution of the system concept, the development of things does not exist as a basis to analyze and understand the formation and evolution of the system. by the philosophy of pragmatism, they think, is in such a technology, population growth and social change dominated the world, the direction of social progress, not to any final or a predetermined arrangement direction of social and cultural development. This belief stressed that while individual behavior is on purpose, but because of the uncertainty and the existence of strange events, socio-economic development is not teleological way to start the process, evolutionary process does not need to become efficient and optimal results.
(3) more emphasis on power rather than price. in the economic system, what is the most critical factors? orthodox economics that is the price. early system advocates and post system does not negate the price to play in the economic system, the universal and important role, but do not think the price is the most important or even the only factor. In their view, the system is determined by the power structure of the decision The most basic factor in the allocation of resources. They pointed out that simple condition for stable equilibrium and optimization technology, the economy would be obscured by the choice of the basic power and features. In the real world should be concerned not with how the opportunity set to choose among, and is concerned about how the opportunity set is formed. that is, balancing optimization problem with the background in the system only makes sense that only can be solved through institutional adjustments.
(4) pragmatism orientation. pragmatism is an early system of economic After learning and a common philosophical basis of institutional economics, institutional theory in both the pragmatism has obvious color, that is, that human reason can carry out the purpose of the system, intervention, human beings can change their own preferences to the social system. Where Bolun the system is defined as a popular habit of thinking, and habits are lagging behind, technology is the forward. there is the contradiction between man's intervention provides a logical premise. Thus, despite any Bolun and vote directly show that the rational design of the system point of view, but its methodology dichotomy of human intervention in the system provided a rational logical basis. pragmatism after the color of institutional economics institutional economics should be more intense than the earlier number. After the system economics and public policy more closely linked to the institutional arrangements as the choice of variables to solve practical problems, the goal to achieve public goals. We will be back after an early system of economics and the differences in institutional economics addressed this issue more.
(5) collective methodology. According to the traditional concept of economics, economics is the study of how individuals in the face of scarce resources to choose to maximize my own desires. early system after the system of economics and economists do not deny that a personal choice, but that this choice is not isolated, but in the culture within the framework of choice. Economics is the study of the cultural framework. They will be the economic system as a an integral part of social culture, the nature of the economic system by its social and cultural environment in which the decision.
(6) beyond the concept of value beyond the market price of the so-called higher interests of mankind to study the social requirements. They believe that the value of a system made by individuals or judgments. value of the answer here is to regulate the study of ; the problem. the application of the chosen code or standard to determine whether certain types of behavior or state is the ideal objective. What kind of institutional change is beneficial? their use on this issue is not efficiency standards, but ; social value should also consider the addition of social values, Galbraith called the Both sides in this debate is not expected to have any compromise.
not just after the institutional economics school of thought on the early system of duplication, but has its own characteristics and development. there are some between differences can be analyzed from the three main areas.
(1) philosophy based on the difference. After the early institutional economics and institutional economics are based on pragmatism as a philosophy, this is their theory, there are some commonalities Origins. difference is that the philosophy of early systems based on economics, Peirce and James and others earlier pragmatism; then the philosophical basis of institutional economics is the pragmatism of John Dewey. Meanwhile, the early institutional economics and post- institutional economics are deeply evolution, historical school and the impact of socialist ideology. So in their theory of evolution can be seen profound concept of holism features. But for the former, we see more or Germany, the UK new school history, Darwinian evolution, psychological determinism. while the latter has clearly adopted the evolution concept, holism, collectivism, anthropology and methodology of economic behavior and system structure, historical and socio-cultural analysis, even class analysis.
(2) Institutional Economics after the tool has a more obvious approach of rationalism. After the system inherits the Commons Economics of intellectual tradition. stresses the role of incomplete markets, more specifically the government on the economy Intervention and the practical range of policies and proposals are the characteristics of post-institutional economics. After the system works and more economists and public goals, public policy, such as Galbraith's Bromley's pointed out that the so-called After the system of policies and proposals are part of the economic theory of the essence.
(3) and the neo-classical theory of the different relationships. neo-classical theory is based on preferences, the system of parameters on the basis of the given to the price mechanism as the core, Methodological individualism and balanced analysis as the main mode. early institutional economics paradigm of this theory conducted in-depth criticism, and the establishment of a set with all aspects of the system of neo-classical analysis of different systems, and new classical theory stands in sharp contrast. After the system of neo-classical economics, it is also the theory of intense criticism, revealing the role of the market is incomplete, stress the importance of government policies, institutional reform to regulate the economy and achieve social goals, but after system did not completely deny the new classical economics, the analysis tool. In fact, after the use of the new institutional economics is still part of classical analysis tools for public policy analysis. After the theory of institutional economics, especially public policy theory, the objective formed a complement neoclassical market theory, the two can converge to a certain extent.
Third, new institutional economics and institutional economics early, Comparative Institutional Economics after the New Institutional Economics and the early system
There is some economic theory origin. some of the new institutional economics theory and basic concepts inspired directly or indirectly from the early institutional economics, in particular the ownership of Commons earlier studies of economics and law. For example, Common Christie out that the original meaning of the real property does not mean material things, but something that the absolute use and handling of the rights, property always holds, retention, transfer, acquisition and without interference associated rights; and pointed out that the Commons system of economics in particular, the existence of a theory to be sure. But the new institutional economics and institutional economics and the early post-institutional economics and economic reality of system understanding and analysis of essential difference exists, belonging to two different theoretical systems.
(a) of the two different systems of law: the dichotomy of early and transaction cost
Institutional Economics Institutional Economics and later from a cultural point of view of the overall economic and institutional, that the economy is a cultural process. The culture is a whole category, expressed as two aspects, namely, aspects of the system and technology aspects are reflected in the philosophical sense is the ritual and tools. early institutional economics is from the system and technology, rituals and tools to look at the dichotomy to explain economic development. any economic system or economic order is constituted by the two types, one is the behavior of technical features, that tool, the constructive instinct of human technological advancement is the main factor ; the other hand, the ceremony features of behavior, that is the system. technology is characterized by the development, and features of the ceremony is static and bound to change or transformation of conflict. Where Bolun the system as a habit of thinking, then system is always the product of past experience, always lags behind the development of society, especially social development lags behind the determinants mm technology development. between the two rival constitute a pair of contradictions. social and economic process is always in the conflict between the two. the progress of the technical act of ritual is to overcome and replace.
any system, the system will have a vested interest groups formed, so the system is conservative.'m a social development technology has to overcome the system resistance to the process, society is in conflict, these two forces forward. When the system structure include the factors conducive to more technological advances, social progress has become even more obvious, otherwise restrict the economic development. All Bolun that the capitalist system and its economic system is the counterweight to the power of two components: one is to maintain the existing system of vested interests, mainly the production of material goods is not directly involved in the industrial giants, merchants and financial home; the other is required on behalf of the technological advances of technology workers, engineers and the general public. vested interests continue to strengthen in favor of their own social norms, control system response to changes in technology, it is the capitalist of all social and economic problems source.
the cost of running the system can be said to study other systems with new institutional economics school of distinction lies. almost all the economic theory of the end result of the new system are based on on. transaction costs for change of the neo-classical economics, the enterprise as a production function, market transactions and the instantaneous state of zero transaction costs, that economists to rethink the business reason for the existence of different forms of corporate organization and contracts and changes in reality. New Institutional Economics and the central theme is: as long as the presence of transaction costs and ownership structure on performance impact on production. From the beginning of the property rights of Coase's main purpose is that theory to explain the social and economic activities in which people efforts to reduce transaction costs caused by the size of the organization's decision, the choice of markets and hierarchies and the evolution of social systems and the internal mechanism change.
So, if the traditional system in the Economic Vision is an evolution of the the system as a whole, then focus on the new institutional economics is based on the transaction costs of different forms of performance and selection system. caused by the presence of transaction costs shape the existence of different systems, the existence of multiple forms of the system is saving transaction costs, a result of the efforts. in the conditions for the existence of transaction costs, different ownership structure will produce different efficiency, the pursuit of efficiency and transaction costs would make the parties to choose the smallest systems, which will be the existence of different institutional forms. North pushed it more succinctly summarized as follows: the system is important. It is based on transaction cost, the analysis of the formation of a new paradigm, the depth of economic analysis to the specific institutional structure of production, making the choice of system, system performance Study and comparison possible.
(b) the decision of human behavior: Cultural Perspectives and cost perspective
early institutional economics, post-institutional economics and New Institutional Economics Perspective on the dividing line between the system , also reflected in the analysis of human behavior. Where Bolun of the neoclassical rational habit of covering the activities of complex human ideas criticized. Where Bolun that the economic system, the individual is a product of culture, personal behavior by the social environment and co-dominant human instinct. human action is his genetic characteristics and the results of past experiences, actions can not be used to understand the effectiveness and cost calculations, but should be from the people's to find the decision to re-conduct environmental factors. Therefore, the decision of economic behavior, the behavior of people who Bolun persist with the genetic characteristics of the individual analysis of the environment, and many insist that it is a variety of factors that determine people's economic behavior. After the system is basically inherited the economic point of view.
school also recognizes that the new system neo-classical assumptions. transaction costs in a series of Williams School of representative markets and levels of study, depends on the person's cognitive ability is the premise advocated by Simon's 1979), the efficiency of information dissemination by human reason and the ability to receive information and other constraints, only at the desire of the reasonable and certain restrictions between the fall of non-rational behavior and super-reasonable middle ground between the calculated behavior. From , that is neo-classical, based on budget constraints, increase the information constraints. This transaction costs through the use of a new exposition and maintain the core of neo-classical rational choice.
(c) views on the role of the market: the two fundamental differences between the role of the market where the
issue has been an early system of economics, school of economists after the system and to Coase, Demsetz new system as the representative of the fundamental differences between the economic school of thought which economists.
Commons that the market order, not just the result of the invisible hand, but also from the collective action created a conflict of interest in the relationship between the interests of the product. Commons also believe that if Smith recognized this, he will found, not an invisible hand in guiding the individual's self-interest comes to the public welfare, but that the visible hand of the ordinary courts to take a good time and local customs, so some stubborn and unruly individuals must comply with , in line with Hume so-called analysis. The usual view is that collective action means that the force, but force does not exist in the market. The fact is that both market and limit collective action and the liberation of individuals. the market adoption of the budget constraints of individual choice, collective action through the provision of personal choice set restrictions on personal choice. that the budgetary constraints on individual choice of the acceptable range of violations than individual acts of a collective decision on the infringement of personal choice is less, it is not the difference for the difference. For example, the rich have more choice, They can choose not to sell their labor to others, while poor people have to go through constraints, such constraints are far more than the weak constraints of collective action. Therefore, Bromley suggested that the surface of the free market, or there is no mandatory, in fact, through further examination, the conditions required to solve the problem than has more.
new institutional economics is the essence of the proposal by the concept of transaction costs, the cost to the neo-classical way of m-benefit analysis to the system of unified field. In this way, systems and commodities, are all available in the voluntary market transactions optimized and balanced. and the neo-classical, as in this new field, the market still plays the role of the core role. new system of schools of thought the same as neoclassical, only to see a transaction or between them contractual relationships, and turned a blind eye to their relationship behind the force. New Institutional Economics theory of efficiency-oriented system is not out of , which were interpreted as attempts to system-driven economic benefits, the process of foreign students on the market reaction is not balanced. They tried to appear the opportunity to increase revenue from the overall economic efficiency or to explain the changes in the institutional environment. However, as the burro Bromley criticized, . in the search for cost-effective system based on the changes proposed model is circular reasoning. institutional arrangements determine what is efficient, which is generating the reason for such a circular argument. mm the theoretical basis of public policy, determined not only by the exchange of these basic processes, but also the foundation itself.
(d) the difference between methodology: collectivism and individualism
new system of school with the other two systems can also be from different schools of methodology perspective. For the analysis of human behavior, there are two basic methodology, that is, individualism and collectivism. Generally speaking, individualistic methodology is through the study of individual phenomena and processes to understand the general, methodological collectivism is through group phenomenon or process studies to understand the world. directly from Adam Smith, Marshall's methodological individualism through the classical and neoclassical economics, political economy, characterized by emphasis on the individual meaning of existence and interests of independent feature, recognized self-interest, advocated the adoption of the arrangements between individuals to solve the problem, emphasizing the individual response to external constraints, neglect and the system of interrelated and impact mechanism. the early system and post system, a striking feature is the doctrine of collectivism-based methodology . They think that the isolation of the individual is non-existent. On the contrary, it is the More importantly, but also by the following factors: social experience, the interaction between people, such as the evolution of the learning process. rational decision-making can not be independent of the personal and unique culture as a whole exists, this does not mean that no rational person but to recognize the impact of culture on individual and personal as an integral part of culture. And, personal behavior and collective behavior is not equal. They believe that society is not, nor should be understood as the simple sum of individual behavior, especially its the formation and change goals (Hodgson, 1988; Miller, 1989; Zhang Yuyan, 1994). the system and society as a whole has its own sports and cultural characteristics, can not be broken down into individual behavior and. Therefore, through the study and description of the system in order to best understand the economic behavior of individuals and personal belief that such behavior.
new system of school is also aware of the limitations of methodological individualism, which also has some of the collective tendency. This tendency, especially seen in the new economy history theory, particularly with the North on the collectivist ideology of the color. But in the end, whether the new economic history, property rights theory, transaction cost theory or other theories of new institutional economics, individual as the atomic maximize the wealth of subject is always the basis of the analysis. New Institutional Economics in the methodology relative to the neo-classical economics, and not much innovation, is still individualistic.
four, their impact and limitations < br> Early Institutional Economics, Institutional Economics and New Institutional Economics, after all the criticism on the basis of the new classical theory developed. early institutional economics reveals the static traditional economics, the characteristics of a narrow and unrealistic, with critical depth, and overall, the system analyzes the perspective of the system, to seize the system pointed out that the only neo-classical economic analysis of individual acts and conduct simple sum, while not considered the role of the system of this methodology is divorced from reality. Therefore, early system of the proposed school is the significance of methodological collectivism can not be ignored. However, the implication of early institutionalism system as a whole is difficult to quantify the evolution of thinking, more difficult to model, making the schools of thought have remained out of sight in the mainstream of the analysis.
inherited after the Institutional Economics The main idea of early institutional economics, the economics as a service function in the human sciences, research and government policies and the system closely linked, reflecting the more obvious tools to rationalism. made after the school system , institutional arrangements and other policies, to achieve social goals as the choice of variables to consider. can be said that the early post-institutional economics institutional economics is more than adhere to a clear-cut normative analysis, stick to their sense of value. This view is the economy in the post system Bromley passage scientists to get a clear expression: more lofty goals of economic system, it will be abandoned. In this post-ideological age, the only important task is to design an ordered relationship, which constitutes the economic system is running. Lee to refute the view that the so-called A new institutional economics and mainstream economics, including different values, forming a sharp contrast with mainstream economics.
new institutional economics in the original production cost of the new classical economics a constraint of the conditions of this , we introduce another constraint - transaction costs. Relying on the concept of transaction costs, new institutional economics, mainstream economics also accepted by mainstream economics, which have developed rapidly and attention. in the methodology, new institutional economics is basically individualistic methodology continues, it still recognizes the personal characteristics of economic behavior, but, ...
First, the rise and the school system by
20 century and the twenties and thirties, the Western economic theory into a protracted economic crisis, 70 years since the 19th century has been dominated by the rise of new classical economics theory of spontaneous market balance seriously out of line with economic reality, the increasing loss of explanatory power of orthodox economics. caused the main reason for this disconnect comes from two major shortcomings of neoclassical economics, a isolated individualism assumption, one perfect market assumptions. In this assumption, the use of neo-classical economics the method of deductive logic of the economic process to the organic treatment, random and causal factors were excluded from the analysis outside the system, development of economic theory makes a similar mathematics, physics discipline. Keynesian revolution introduced a certain amount of ideological uncertainty, however, the new neoclassical synthesis subsequent formal processing through the Keynesian macro-analysis, a combination of Keynesian and neo-classical thinking, but dropped the Cairns on the risks, uncertainties and other revolutionary ideas and expectations. And such a comprehensive theory of neo-classical paradigm was a long time in economics, both as to maintain and strengthen the mainstream , making the entire foundation of economic theory has not been fundamentally touched. (Note: see Bell and Kristol editor of on the basis of traditional economics to develop. its founder, a combination of Darwin's theory of evolution who Bolun, the German Historical School, early American pragmatism of the analysis, the history of capitalism and the reality of in-depth analysis, from economics, anthropology, cultural studies, biology, etc. Talking about the economic and social problems perspective, the core of the steering system of economic analysis, the formation of the research method of economic problems institutionalism .20 century, where the system of Bolun scholars in the United States attracted wide attention and controversy. have created a system where the Bolun analysis of school, get in the Commons for further development of China Everbright. twenties and thirties of the 20th century, institutional economics in economic circles in the United States sent a university, not only become a major force in economic circles, but also had an important impact of government policies. the history of economic thought the incident took place during this period was called the The rise of system, school and other non-mainstream schools was ignored until the 60's, the resurgence of institutionalism. this period, there were two economists as the representative of the people called after the school system on behalf of institutional economics, and will be represented by a system such as Coase called the New Institutional Economics School. some academics have suggested a new points system that, according to the theory of association, the former is called New Institutional Economics No. 5).. taking into account the title of the new institutional economics has been used for the most people, this is still divided by the former method, these two school systems are called reality, the assumptions of mainstream economics, research methods produce less, thus turning institutionalism analysis. The most typical is Myrdal, according to their academic belief system by the neo-classical doctrine to change the the ability to solve practical problems belong to neo-liberal ideology in one, and the early theory to institutional economics is relatively small. New Institutional Economics as the system of neoclassical economics neglected the study. In their view, the most important and neo-classical long been overlooked the reality that the existence of transaction costs and the importance of the system, and ignore the reality of the premise of economics is not viable. pioneer of the new institutional economics Coase pointedly noted that the new classical economics, but a bunch of tools, research is committed to the early institutional economics, institutional economics and new institutional economics, after all, as the opposite of the neo-classical appearance three forms of institutional economics from different perspectives and dimensions of the paradigm of neoclassical economic theory was criticized are based system as the research object, starting from the analysis of the system to establish their own doctrine, but the perspective of the system and methods and different, each theoretical characteristics, with a strong comparable. in which the early system of school and Theory after the school system there are more theoretical inheritance, and new institutional economics and the first two quite different, this article will be after the early institutional economics and institutional economics are compared on this basis, and then compare the former Both the similarities and differences with the new institutional economics.
Second, the early post-institutional economics institutional economics and comparative economic systems
School and the early post-institutional economics theory has a certain relationship between heritage, common features in theory more prominent. can be summarized as two common characteristics of the following six aspects.
(1) Culture and the overall point of view. the early system of economics, the economy as an integral part of culture, from the whole study the evolution of the economy . that society is based on the system, habits, attitudes and values of dynamic composition of the organic complex, and therefore must be comprehensive manner possible to evaluate and adjust. in the system analysis, the focus of family, national, legal, cultural, political, and other institutional arrangements as a whole, the nature, evolution and its impact on the economy. Institutional Economics Institutional Economics to the post after the development of its core is still the overall evolution from the perspective of the analysis system, and processing system as a variable to understand and grasp of human behavior and make policy recommendations accordingly. Galbraith clearly expressed their view of holism: complementary parts, or conflicting, or because of the presence of each other, the image of the common changes, the situation certainly is. 3.)
(2) process and the evolution point of view. From the early evolution of institutional economics, the evolution of the overall system perspective. early representative of one school of institutional economics where Bolun first proposed the term evolutionary economics and on this basis, the creation of school systems. This idea was later inherited by the post-school system and development. Therefore, whether early or after the system of institutional economics school of economics are affected by Darwin's theory of evolution, the evolution as is to understand the capitalist economy, technological and institutional changes in the basic method, that economics should seize the evolution of this central theme, rather than follow the neo-classical economics, the idea of static and balanced. in the evolution of the system concept, the development of things does not exist as a basis to analyze and understand the formation and evolution of the system. by the philosophy of pragmatism, they think, is in such a technology, population growth and social change dominated the world, the direction of social progress, not to any final or a predetermined arrangement direction of social and cultural development. This belief stressed that while individual behavior is on purpose, but because of the uncertainty and the existence of strange events, socio-economic development is not teleological way to start the process, evolutionary process does not need to become efficient and optimal results.
(3) more emphasis on power rather than price. in the economic system, what is the most critical factors? orthodox economics that is the price. early system advocates and post system does not negate the price to play in the economic system, the universal and important role, but do not think the price is the most important or even the only factor. In their view, the system is determined by the power structure of the decision The most basic factor in the allocation of resources. They pointed out that simple condition for stable equilibrium and optimization technology, the economy would be obscured by the choice of the basic power and features. In the real world should be concerned not with how the opportunity set to choose among, and is concerned about how the opportunity set is formed. that is, balancing optimization problem with the background in the system only makes sense that only can be solved through institutional adjustments.
(4) pragmatism orientation. pragmatism is an early system of economic After learning and a common philosophical basis of institutional economics, institutional theory in both the pragmatism has obvious color, that is, that human reason can carry out the purpose of the system, intervention, human beings can change their own preferences to the social system. Where Bolun the system is defined as a popular habit of thinking, and habits are lagging behind, technology is the forward. there is the contradiction between man's intervention provides a logical premise. Thus, despite any Bolun and vote directly show that the rational design of the system point of view, but its methodology dichotomy of human intervention in the system provided a rational logical basis. pragmatism after the color of institutional economics institutional economics should be more intense than the earlier number. After the system economics and public policy more closely linked to the institutional arrangements as the choice of variables to solve practical problems, the goal to achieve public goals. We will be back after an early system of economics and the differences in institutional economics addressed this issue more.
(5) collective methodology. According to the traditional concept of economics, economics is the study of how individuals in the face of scarce resources to choose to maximize my own desires. early system after the system of economics and economists do not deny that a personal choice, but that this choice is not isolated, but in the culture within the framework of choice. Economics is the study of the cultural framework. They will be the economic system as a an integral part of social culture, the nature of the economic system by its social and cultural environment in which the decision.
(6) beyond the concept of value beyond the market price of the so-called higher interests of mankind to study the social requirements. They believe that the value of a system made by individuals or judgments. value of the answer here is to regulate the study of ; the problem. the application of the chosen code or standard to determine whether certain types of behavior or state is the ideal objective. What kind of institutional change is beneficial? their use on this issue is not efficiency standards, but ; social value should also consider the addition of social values, Galbraith called the Both sides in this debate is not expected to have any compromise.
not just after the institutional economics school of thought on the early system of duplication, but has its own characteristics and development. there are some between differences can be analyzed from the three main areas.
(1) philosophy based on the difference. After the early institutional economics and institutional economics are based on pragmatism as a philosophy, this is their theory, there are some commonalities Origins. difference is that the philosophy of early systems based on economics, Peirce and James and others earlier pragmatism; then the philosophical basis of institutional economics is the pragmatism of John Dewey. Meanwhile, the early institutional economics and post- institutional economics are deeply evolution, historical school and the impact of socialist ideology. So in their theory of evolution can be seen profound concept of holism features. But for the former, we see more or Germany, the UK new school history, Darwinian evolution, psychological determinism. while the latter has clearly adopted the evolution concept, holism, collectivism, anthropology and methodology of economic behavior and system structure, historical and socio-cultural analysis, even class analysis.
(2) Institutional Economics after the tool has a more obvious approach of rationalism. After the system inherits the Commons Economics of intellectual tradition. stresses the role of incomplete markets, more specifically the government on the economy Intervention and the practical range of policies and proposals are the characteristics of post-institutional economics. After the system works and more economists and public goals, public policy, such as Galbraith's Bromley's pointed out that the so-called After the system of policies and proposals are part of the economic theory of the essence.
(3) and the neo-classical theory of the different relationships. neo-classical theory is based on preferences, the system of parameters on the basis of the given to the price mechanism as the core, Methodological individualism and balanced analysis as the main mode. early institutional economics paradigm of this theory conducted in-depth criticism, and the establishment of a set with all aspects of the system of neo-classical analysis of different systems, and new classical theory stands in sharp contrast. After the system of neo-classical economics, it is also the theory of intense criticism, revealing the role of the market is incomplete, stress the importance of government policies, institutional reform to regulate the economy and achieve social goals, but after system did not completely deny the new classical economics, the analysis tool. In fact, after the use of the new institutional economics is still part of classical analysis tools for public policy analysis. After the theory of institutional economics, especially public policy theory, the objective formed a complement neoclassical market theory, the two can converge to a certain extent.
Third, new institutional economics and institutional economics early, Comparative Institutional Economics after the New Institutional Economics and the early system
There is some economic theory origin. some of the new institutional economics theory and basic concepts inspired directly or indirectly from the early institutional economics, in particular the ownership of Commons earlier studies of economics and law. For example, Common Christie out that the original meaning of the real property does not mean material things, but something that the absolute use and handling of the rights, property always holds, retention, transfer, acquisition and without interference associated rights; and pointed out that the Commons system of economics in particular, the existence of a theory to be sure. But the new institutional economics and institutional economics and the early post-institutional economics and economic reality of system understanding and analysis of essential difference exists, belonging to two different theoretical systems.
(a) of the two different systems of law: the dichotomy of early and transaction cost
Institutional Economics Institutional Economics and later from a cultural point of view of the overall economic and institutional, that the economy is a cultural process. The culture is a whole category, expressed as two aspects, namely, aspects of the system and technology aspects are reflected in the philosophical sense is the ritual and tools. early institutional economics is from the system and technology, rituals and tools to look at the dichotomy to explain economic development. any economic system or economic order is constituted by the two types, one is the behavior of technical features, that tool, the constructive instinct of human technological advancement is the main factor ; the other hand, the ceremony features of behavior, that is the system. technology is characterized by the development, and features of the ceremony is static and bound to change or transformation of conflict. Where Bolun the system as a habit of thinking, then system is always the product of past experience, always lags behind the development of society, especially social development lags behind the determinants mm technology development. between the two rival constitute a pair of contradictions. social and economic process is always in the conflict between the two. the progress of the technical act of ritual is to overcome and replace.
any system, the system will have a vested interest groups formed, so the system is conservative.'m a social development technology has to overcome the system resistance to the process, society is in conflict, these two forces forward. When the system structure include the factors conducive to more technological advances, social progress has become even more obvious, otherwise restrict the economic development. All Bolun that the capitalist system and its economic system is the counterweight to the power of two components: one is to maintain the existing system of vested interests, mainly the production of material goods is not directly involved in the industrial giants, merchants and financial home; the other is required on behalf of the technological advances of technology workers, engineers and the general public. vested interests continue to strengthen in favor of their own social norms, control system response to changes in technology, it is the capitalist of all social and economic problems source.
the cost of running the system can be said to study other systems with new institutional economics school of distinction lies. almost all the economic theory of the end result of the new system are based on on. transaction costs for change of the neo-classical economics, the enterprise as a production function, market transactions and the instantaneous state of zero transaction costs, that economists to rethink the business reason for the existence of different forms of corporate organization and contracts and changes in reality. New Institutional Economics and the central theme is: as long as the presence of transaction costs and ownership structure on performance impact on production. From the beginning of the property rights of Coase's main purpose is that theory to explain the social and economic activities in which people efforts to reduce transaction costs caused by the size of the organization's decision, the choice of markets and hierarchies and the evolution of social systems and the internal mechanism change.
So, if the traditional system in the Economic Vision is an evolution of the the system as a whole, then focus on the new institutional economics is based on the transaction costs of different forms of performance and selection system. caused by the presence of transaction costs shape the existence of different systems, the existence of multiple forms of the system is saving transaction costs, a result of the efforts. in the conditions for the existence of transaction costs, different ownership structure will produce different efficiency, the pursuit of efficiency and transaction costs would make the parties to choose the smallest systems, which will be the existence of different institutional forms. North pushed it more succinctly summarized as follows: the system is important. It is based on transaction cost, the analysis of the formation of a new paradigm, the depth of economic analysis to the specific institutional structure of production, making the choice of system, system performance Study and comparison possible.
(b) the decision of human behavior: Cultural Perspectives and cost perspective
early institutional economics, post-institutional economics and New Institutional Economics Perspective on the dividing line between the system , also reflected in the analysis of human behavior. Where Bolun of the neoclassical rational habit of covering the activities of complex human ideas criticized. Where Bolun that the economic system, the individual is a product of culture, personal behavior by the social environment and co-dominant human instinct. human action is his genetic characteristics and the results of past experiences, actions can not be used to understand the effectiveness and cost calculations, but should be from the people's to find the decision to re-conduct environmental factors. Therefore, the decision of economic behavior, the behavior of people who Bolun persist with the genetic characteristics of the individual analysis of the environment, and many insist that it is a variety of factors that determine people's economic behavior. After the system is basically inherited the economic point of view.
school also recognizes that the new system neo-classical assumptions. transaction costs in a series of Williams School of representative markets and levels of study, depends on the person's cognitive ability is the premise advocated by Simon's 1979), the efficiency of information dissemination by human reason and the ability to receive information and other constraints, only at the desire of the reasonable and certain restrictions between the fall of non-rational behavior and super-reasonable middle ground between the calculated behavior. From , that is neo-classical, based on budget constraints, increase the information constraints. This transaction costs through the use of a new exposition and maintain the core of neo-classical rational choice.
(c) views on the role of the market: the two fundamental differences between the role of the market where the
issue has been an early system of economics, school of economists after the system and to Coase, Demsetz new system as the representative of the fundamental differences between the economic school of thought which economists.
Commons that the market order, not just the result of the invisible hand, but also from the collective action created a conflict of interest in the relationship between the interests of the product. Commons also believe that if Smith recognized this, he will found, not an invisible hand in guiding the individual's self-interest comes to the public welfare, but that the visible hand of the ordinary courts to take a good time and local customs, so some stubborn and unruly individuals must comply with , in line with Hume so-called analysis. The usual view is that collective action means that the force, but force does not exist in the market. The fact is that both market and limit collective action and the liberation of individuals. the market adoption of the budget constraints of individual choice, collective action through the provision of personal choice set restrictions on personal choice. that the budgetary constraints on individual choice of the acceptable range of violations than individual acts of a collective decision on the infringement of personal choice is less, it is not the difference for the difference. For example, the rich have more choice, They can choose not to sell their labor to others, while poor people have to go through constraints, such constraints are far more than the weak constraints of collective action. Therefore, Bromley suggested that the surface of the free market, or there is no mandatory, in fact, through further examination, the conditions required to solve the problem than has more.
new institutional economics is the essence of the proposal by the concept of transaction costs, the cost to the neo-classical way of m-benefit analysis to the system of unified field. In this way, systems and commodities, are all available in the voluntary market transactions optimized and balanced. and the neo-classical, as in this new field, the market still plays the role of the core role. new system of schools of thought the same as neoclassical, only to see a transaction or between them contractual relationships, and turned a blind eye to their relationship behind the force. New Institutional Economics theory of efficiency-oriented system is not out of , which were interpreted as attempts to system-driven economic benefits, the process of foreign students on the market reaction is not balanced. They tried to appear the opportunity to increase revenue from the overall economic efficiency or to explain the changes in the institutional environment. However, as the burro Bromley criticized, . in the search for cost-effective system based on the changes proposed model is circular reasoning. institutional arrangements determine what is efficient, which is generating the reason for such a circular argument. mm the theoretical basis of public policy, determined not only by the exchange of these basic processes, but also the foundation itself.
(d) the difference between methodology: collectivism and individualism
new system of school with the other two systems can also be from different schools of methodology perspective. For the analysis of human behavior, there are two basic methodology, that is, individualism and collectivism. Generally speaking, individualistic methodology is through the study of individual phenomena and processes to understand the general, methodological collectivism is through group phenomenon or process studies to understand the world. directly from Adam Smith, Marshall's methodological individualism through the classical and neoclassical economics, political economy, characterized by emphasis on the individual meaning of existence and interests of independent feature, recognized self-interest, advocated the adoption of the arrangements between individuals to solve the problem, emphasizing the individual response to external constraints, neglect and the system of interrelated and impact mechanism. the early system and post system, a striking feature is the doctrine of collectivism-based methodology . They think that the isolation of the individual is non-existent. On the contrary, it is the More importantly, but also by the following factors: social experience, the interaction between people, such as the evolution of the learning process. rational decision-making can not be independent of the personal and unique culture as a whole exists, this does not mean that no rational person but to recognize the impact of culture on individual and personal as an integral part of culture. And, personal behavior and collective behavior is not equal. They believe that society is not, nor should be understood as the simple sum of individual behavior, especially its the formation and change goals (Hodgson, 1988; Miller, 1989; Zhang Yuyan, 1994). the system and society as a whole has its own sports and cultural characteristics, can not be broken down into individual behavior and. Therefore, through the study and description of the system in order to best understand the economic behavior of individuals and personal belief that such behavior.
new system of school is also aware of the limitations of methodological individualism, which also has some of the collective tendency. This tendency, especially seen in the new economy history theory, particularly with the North on the collectivist ideology of the color. But in the end, whether the new economic history, property rights theory, transaction cost theory or other theories of new institutional economics, individual as the atomic maximize the wealth of subject is always the basis of the analysis. New Institutional Economics in the methodology relative to the neo-classical economics, and not much innovation, is still individualistic.
four, their impact and limitations < br> Early Institutional Economics, Institutional Economics and New Institutional Economics, after all the criticism on the basis of the new classical theory developed. early institutional economics reveals the static traditional economics, the characteristics of a narrow and unrealistic, with critical depth, and overall, the system analyzes the perspective of the system, to seize the system pointed out that the only neo-classical economic analysis of individual acts and conduct simple sum, while not considered the role of the system of this methodology is divorced from reality. Therefore, early system of the proposed school is the significance of methodological collectivism can not be ignored. However, the implication of early institutionalism system as a whole is difficult to quantify the evolution of thinking, more difficult to model, making the schools of thought have remained out of sight in the mainstream of the analysis.
inherited after the Institutional Economics The main idea of early institutional economics, the economics as a service function in the human sciences, research and government policies and the system closely linked, reflecting the more obvious tools to rationalism. made after the school system , institutional arrangements and other policies, to achieve social goals as the choice of variables to consider. can be said that the early post-institutional economics institutional economics is more than adhere to a clear-cut normative analysis, stick to their sense of value. This view is the economy in the post system Bromley passage scientists to get a clear expression: more lofty goals of economic system, it will be abandoned. In this post-ideological age, the only important task is to design an ordered relationship, which constitutes the economic system is running. Lee to refute the view that the so-called A new institutional economics and mainstream economics, including different values, forming a sharp contrast with mainstream economics.
new institutional economics in the original production cost of the new classical economics a constraint of the conditions of this , we introduce another constraint - transaction costs. Relying on the concept of transaction costs, new institutional economics, mainstream economics also accepted by mainstream economics, which have developed rapidly and attention. in the methodology, new institutional economics is basically individualistic methodology continues, it still recognizes the personal characteristics of economic behavior, but, ...
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